Discover The History Of Figure Skating!

Learn all about the fascinating world of figure skating history with Skate Guard Blog. Explore a treasure trove of articles on the history of figure skating, highlighting Olympic Medallists, World and National Champions and dazzling competitions, shows and tours. Written by former skater and judge Ryan Stevens, Skate Guard Blog also offers intriguing insights into the evolution of the sport over the decades. Delve into Stevens' five books for even more riveting stories and information about the history of everyone's favourite winter Olympic sport.

There's Always A Murder: The First Skating Mystery Written By A Skater


I'm definitely someone who has always been more comfortable on a stage than behind a computer. I've either skated, danced and performed as a drag queen in front of many thousands of people over the years but another of my great loves is the theatre. One of the best parts of growing up in Chester, Nova Scotia was having chance to act in several plays with the Chester Drama Society and KIDS Into Drama Society at the extremely popular Chester Playhouse. Much like skating, I'm a firm believer that community theatre is one of the most fulfilling pursuits you can get involved with so when I came across this particular story I knew it just had to take center stage on the blog right away and what better a time than during October, where I love to feature spooky skating stories!

First copyrighted in 1946 under the title "Four Flights Up" and later sold to Samuel French, Ken Parker's play "There's Always A Murder" was the very first traditional stage play to have an ice skating background in its plot. It was first presented on January 6, 1948 at The Provincetown Playhouse in New York and has been performed by professional and stock touring companies over the years throughout the U.S. The script explains that "the plot centers around Kim and Drucilla Taylor, a young married couple, who, by answering an ad in a Boston paper, move into an apartment four flights up. Almost as soon as they move in strange things begin the happen. They are plagued by mysterious phone calls, a statue is left at their door, and a girl climbs in their window. The haughty Katherine Horton, pianist and daughter of a judge, visits them and tells how her piano partner, Lawrence Sheppard, has suddenly disappeared. It seems Sheppard was also the step-brother of the former tenant, Steve Haywood, and slowly, piece by piece, Drucilla tries to solve the mystery. She tries, too, to convince Kim that not only has a murder been committed but the body chopped up in their bathtub! Kim just laughs at her foolish notions, but Drucilla, undaunted, continues to find more clues, which include a broken record, a newspaper clipping, and a bottle of formaldehyde. However, not until detectives arrive on the scene does Drucilla realize she is right and becomes panicky. To add to her fright, part of the body has been left in the apartment and the murderer is on his way back to destroy the last remaining bit of evidence... Kim, who has been rehearsing for an ice show, hurts his foot and returns home on crutches... Kay comes to take Drucilla off for a radio audition and Kim is left alone. The supposed murderer returns... there is a terrific battle... Kim has to protect himself with his crutches, and the detectives arrive in time to save his life. Kim, in turn, proves that Haywood isn't the real murderer... it seems he only cut up the body!"

This dark comedy's skating connections are more than meet the eye. The character Kim Taylor is described as "a professional ice skater of about 26. Well built and good-looking, he is one of those happy-go-lucky chaps who gets a great kick out of watching his pert little wife go through her antics." The skating references in the script are plentiful. Drucilla at one point says to her husband, "See, Kim, don't count your outer an inner edges before you skate them" and Haywood says to Kim "Oh, an ice skater, eh? Well, that's interesting. I once stepped out on a sheet of ice and did a spread eagle right away. Only trouble was, I spread a little too far." The most important skating connection to this play of all was indeed its author and how he came up the idea in the first place.

The play (and Kim's character) certainly had their roots in autobiography. The October 31, 1948 article "Skater Parker Yearns To Act And Playwright" from The Brooklyn Daily Eagle explained that it was Parker's own broken leg that allowed him the time to pursue his passion for writing: "Ken Parker skates in 'Howdy, Mr. Ice' at the Center Theater. He is almost 26, but doesn't look it. This is his third Center Theater ice show. The break came the first year, when he was rehearsing, so at first it looked pretty bad for him. But Mr. Parker is not the brooding type. He took an apartment four flights up and since he couldn't go out for meals with his leg in a cast, the landlady used to bring them up to him. He had considered himself lucky to find the apartment at all. Then one day the landlady said: 'It's nice you don't mind living here.' Ken asked why. 'Don't you know about the corpse that was cut up in the bathtub by the last tenant?' asked the landlady." I don't know about you, but I'd be packing up as fast as I could and getting out of that freaking lease however I could. Just sayin!

Parker was drafted for the Air Corps show "Winged Victory" during World War II and then returned to his passion for skating. He had played on his school's hockey team, took up speed skating at the Boston Arena and figure skated as well. In the 1948 article, Parker explained that "In 'Howdy, Mr. Ice' I'm one of the four turkeys. Of course, there's no future for most skaters. That's why I want to become a playwright." Between three Center Theater ice shows (Ice Time, Ice Time of '48 and Howdy, Mr. Ice), Parker performed over two thousand performances to sellout crowds. Here's where things got confusing for me. It turns out Ken Parker wasn't the only skater named Ken Parker out there at the same time. In May of 1949, Kenneth Parker, the son of Clarence Parker and brother of Nancy Lee Parker (both accomplished professional skaters) sadly drowned in Lake St. Clair, Michigan. It turned out that the professional skater/playwright Ken Parker didn't meet a premature and tragic end like the victim in the play or the other Ken Parker. He moved to Glen Rock, New Jersey and continued his work writing plays throughout his life, passing away in 1991.

I don't know about you, but considering the popularity of skating in films of the thirties and forties with stars like Sonja Henie, Belita and Vera Hrubá Ralston I wasn't at all surprised to learn of skating making its way into traditional stage theatre around the same time. The fact that the play's leading man was modelled after its skating author was just a fascinating plot twist that I never would have expected in a million years. I'll give this one a standing O.

Skate Guard is a blog dedicated to preserving the rich, colourful and fascinating history of figure skating. Over ten years, the blog has featured over a thousand free articles covering all aspects of the sport's history, as well as four compelling in-depth features. To read the latest articles, follow the blog on FacebookTwitterPinterest and YouTube. If you enjoy Skate Guard, please show your support for this archive by ordering a copy of the figure skating reference books "The Almanac of Canadian Figure Skating", "Technical Merit: A History of Figure Skating Jumps" and "A Bibliography of Figure Skating": https://skateguard1.blogspot.com/p/buy-book.html.

King Bat Of The Forest


Early 1939 may have marked the very first appearance of the Bob Kane's Batman comic book character in print but the character has certainly been purported to have drawn inspiration from several sources, including the 1920 play "The Bat", the 1930 film "The Bat Whispers", Mary Rinehart's novel "The Circular Staircase", Leonardo da Vinci's diagram of an ornithopter and the Zorro character. I'd like to add one more to that list.

In 1936 at the Sports Stadium in Brighton, England an entertainment impresario by the name of Claude Langdon and the rink's general manager Denis Mitchell first presented an elaborate ice ballet called "Marina" that received rave reviews. The show, which would play to over two hundred and sixty thousand people in one hundred and thirty performances in Great Britain over the years, was named after Marina, Duchess of Kent, whose marriage was the talk of the time. Among its stars were Olympic Bronze Medallist and four time World Medallist Melitta Brunner and Red McCarthy, a Canadian speed skater, barrel jumper and professional skating star who was the father of three time Canadian Champion Norah McCarthy.

Red McCarthy. Photo courtesy "Skating World" magazine.

On My Brighton And Hove blog in 2003, Trevor Chepstow wrote,"One of the funniest acts, was performed by a Irish-Canadian gentleman called Red McCarthy. Billed as the world champion of barrel jumping, Red McCarthy would tear round the ice rink, frightening the life out the audience, whilst dressed as a King Bat and covered from head to toe in silver paint. The paint was compiled of powdered glass and silver nitrate, which under the lights produced an amazing glittering effect, thus emulating all the colours of the rainbow with startling results. It took him one hour to put on his make up and as long to take it off, the removal necessitating a steam bath and powerful sprays."


McCarthy's "King Bat Of The Forest" act became a signature that he used in years to come while touring with the Ice Capades. If you ask me, his painted appearance with those bat wings certainly offers quite an eerie and dramatic effect and the fact that he was performing unusual jumps while wearing speed skates certainly adds to the avant garde allure of this long forgotten act.


So there you have it, folks, just in time for Hallowe'en... Burt Ward who played Batman's sidekick Robin may not have been the only professional skating connection to the charismatic comic book duo of Batman and Robin. I would venture to say that Red McCarthy's King Bat, which appeared to audiences in England three years before the world was ever introduced to Batman, certainly makes its case to be at least added to the list of Batman inspirations.

Skate Guard is a blog dedicated to preserving the rich, colourful and fascinating history of figure skating. Over ten years, the blog has featured over a thousand free articles covering all aspects of the sport's history, as well as four compelling in-depth features. To read the latest articles, follow the blog on FacebookTwitterPinterest and YouTube. If you enjoy Skate Guard, please show your support for this archive by ordering a copy of the figure skating reference books "The Almanac of Canadian Figure Skating", "Technical Merit: A History of Figure Skating Jumps" and "A Bibliography of Figure Skating": https://skateguard1.blogspot.com/p/buy-book.html.

Underhill And Martini: 6.0 Of Their Best Programs EVER!

Photo copyright Liza Dey Photography

Trying to name 6.0 of 1984 World Champions Barbara Underhill and Paul Martini's best programs is like trying to name six of Julia Child's best recipes, six of Tracy Chapman's best songs or six of one of those football people's best touchdowns or home runs or whatever it is they do. I don't know anything about the team sports. I do know a thing or two about fantastic skating and as far as the marriage between music and movement and just simply beautiful pairs skating, Barbara Underhill and Paul Martini are two of the most talented and memorable stars the sport has ever seen. There's something larger than life about their skating that draws you in and something so authentic about their interpretations of music that puts you at ease and makes you completely in awe of their talent. Let's celebrate Barb and Paul by taking a trip down memory lane and enjoying 6.0 of their best programs! Grab yourselves a hot beverage (I sound like Sheldon from Big Bang Theory) and get ready for some great skating:

WHEN A MAN LOVES A WOMAN



During their professional career together which spanned well over a decade, Barb and Paul won a total of eight World Professional Championships titles - seven at the Landover event and one in Jaca - making them the most successful pairs team in the history of either event. One of their most memorable programs as a team actually came out of the 1989 World Professional Championships in Landover, where they skated to Luba's cover of Percy Sledge's "When A Man Loves A Woman". It became one of their trademark programs throughout their career. Radka Kovarikova explained that "when those two look at each other, everyone believes they are in love". Barb and Paul were themselves interviewed regarding their chemistry on the ice, which is absolutely evident in this and many of their pieces. Barb offered that "over time, we've been able to develop some sort of magic or chemistry on the ice and it comes through... it's a combination of putting on the music, dimming the lights and putting us out on the ice and it just kind of happens." Paul explained that lack of inhibition that comes from the disconnect between a dark stage and an audience you can't see: "It's you, it's the lights, it's the atmosphere, it's the music and it just goes from there". This Sandra Bezic program has got it all: that huge lateral twist and throw axel, that hair-dusting backwards death spiral and final lift where she dismounts and gets pulled through his legs... but more than anything, it has that certain intensity and chemistry that even Barb and Paul seem to have a hard time doing justice when describing.

NOT A DAY GOES BY



Mandy Patinkin's interpretation of Stephen Sondheim's "Not A Day Goes By" from "Merrily We Roll Along" couldn't have been a more fitting or dramatic musical selection for Barb and Paul's final performance together (aside from their brief reunion on the finale of the first season of Battle Of The Blades). I was fortunate enough to get to see them skate this program live on Elvis Stojko's tour and one thing that stands out to me about the choreography of this piece in particular is the different layout of where highlights that they often use are placed. The death spiral is earlier in the program as opposed to near the end. The lift is where you'd expect the throw... but that huge throw axel right into the leap of faith is indeed in there. The ending of the program, where they lock hands but drift in their own directions really reflects the symbolism of their 'farewell piece' and add to just how moving and effective this choreography is. Sensitive, substantial and beautiful.

YESTERDAY


"We'll never know how Stephanie got out the screen door, and pulled herself fifty feet across the patio stone, up a step, through the pool gate, and into our backyard swimming pool. In that one moment, our lives were completely and irrevocably shattered." Barbara Underhill wrote this when talking about the death of her daughter Stephanie Gaetz in a drowning accident in May of 1993. Barb and her husband later started the Stephanie Gaetz Keepsafe Foundation in honor of her daughter to help educate parents about childhood safety. "The first year was, and still is, a blur. I can't even find the words to describe that kind of pain. I felt like my heart and my soul had been ripped from me, and I had no idea how to get them back," explained Barb. To help work through the pain, Barb turned to the ice and performing and with Paul skated a tribute to her daughter to Michael Bolton's cover of The Beatles' "Yesterday". The piece resounds as one of the most moving programs the ice has ever seen. You'll need your Kleenex for this one.

ONE NIGHT WITH YOU/IT'S NOW OR NEVER


From their most emotional performance to one of their most lighthearted comes a look at Barb and Paul's tribute to the music of Elvis Presley. Skating to covers of The King's hits by Billy Ray Cyrus and Wet Wet Wet, Barb and Paul were tongue in cheek, sensual and even comedic in this larger than life program that can't help but make you smile from ear to ear every time you watch. It won the duo the 1995 Canadian Professional Championships and 1996 Legends Of Figure Skating Competition and was a fan favourite in shows. If you haven't seen this one before, get ready for an absolute treat!

HAVE YOU EVER BEEN IN LOVE?


Although there are many memorable programs that many would argue should be on this 6.0 list of programs instead of this particular one, I'd argue wholeheartedly that this piece to Peter Cetera's "Have You Ever Been In Love?" absolutely deserves to be included. It's one of their more introspective pieces but is just ablaze with raw energy and musicality - a perfect marriage between music and movement. The footwork out of the lateral twist just oozes dramatic effect; the lift with her arms straight out right after the leap of faith just commands your attention. This program is really ABOUT that dramatic effect that makes so many of their programs stand out in your mind.

UNCHAINED MELODY



Last and ABSOLUTELY not least on the list of 6.0 of Underhill and Martini's 'greatest hits' as it were is their signature program to the Oscar and Grammy nominated song "Unchained Melody", timelessly crooned by The Righteous Brothers. It's considered by many to be the quintessential love song and this program is considered by many to be one of the most romantic and seamless programs ever skated. What makes it so great? Let's talk about that for a minute. Well, for one... the choreography is just fantastic. Sandra Bezic outdid herself with this particular piece. The simplicity and strength shone and again, the use of highlights to accentuate the music is what makes pieces like this work. There is no rushing, there is no extraneous movement that we are questioning. Every edge and lift has its purpose in relation to the music. I remember Scott Hamilton commentating a professional event and saying of Rosalynn Sumners skating to "Hello Dolly!" something to the effect of "all she needs is a beaded gown and some big music and she can go out there and knock your socks off". A similar statement stands true for all of Barb and Paul's classic programs: sometimes less is much, much, much more. "Unchained Melody" is a superb example.

Skate Guard is a blog dedicated to preserving the rich, colourful and fascinating history of figure skating. Over ten years, the blog has featured over a thousand free articles covering all aspects of the sport's history, as well as four compelling in-depth features. To read the latest articles, follow the blog on FacebookTwitterPinterest and YouTube. If you enjoy Skate Guard, please show your support for this archive by ordering a copy of the figure skating reference books "The Almanac of Canadian Figure Skating", "Technical Merit: A History of Figure Skating Jumps" and "A Bibliography of Figure Skating": https://skateguard1.blogspot.com/p/buy-book.html.

Wherefore Art Thou, Part 2: Ice Dancing's Real Life Romeo And Juliet

"Come, bitter conduct, come, unsavoury guide.
Thou desperate pilot, now at once run on
The dashing rocks thy seasick, weary bark.
Here’s to my love!
O true apothecary,
Thy drugs are quick. Thus with a kiss I die."

- William Shakespeare, "Romeo And Juliet"

Many years after Shakespeare penned "Romeo And Juliet", another literary great, Oscar Wilde, famously said that "life imitates art far more than art imitates life." In the case of British ice dance pioneers William and Elsie Tomlinson, he couldn't have been more on the money.

1933 was an important year for the development of ice dance in Great Britain. In April, the National Skating Association organized the first in a series of competitions with the ultimate goal of seeking out new dances that would be appropriate for use in rinks during dance sessions. It was actually at that early competition that married professionals Eva Keats and Erik van der Weyden unveiled the Foxtrot. A professional competition followed two months later and on July 26 of that year, the first meeting of the new NSA Departmental Committee for ice dance was held, with the aims of writing the rules of ice dance in Great Britain, setting up a test structure and educating and recruiting judges. They organized the first ice dance test at Streatham Ice Rink at 6:30 PM on July 26, 1933, which had an entrance fee of five shillings. One of the members of that committee was an affluent man by the name of William R. Tomlinson, who lived in Avenue Road Kew, one of the most desirable areas of London.

Pioneering men of British ice dance in Villars, Switzerland: J.T. Mason, Reginald Wilkie and William Tomlinson. Photo courtesy Elaine Hooper, BIS Archive. 

The well-to-do Tomlinson, according to the January 1938 issue of "The Skating Times", would often during the thirties book the ice on Monday evenings at the Harringay Ice Rink as a private ice dance club for his friends. It could have very well been at one such private party that he met his wife and dance partner Elsie Ritson, who excelled not only in horseback riding, swimming, diving and tennis but was an accomplished skater who passed her Gold free skating test and silver dance tests with the NSA. William Tomlinson was during this period extremely active in the NSA's pioneering work in developing ice dance in Great Britain and Switzerland. He also passed his silver figure and dance tests. One thing to keep in mind is that during this period the NSA hadn't had yet developed a Gold dance test, so as ice dancers, both Tomlinson and Ritson were certainly top of the line.

J.T. Mason, William Tomlinson, Reginald Wilkie and Daphne Wallis skiing in Villars, Switzerland, 1934. Photo courtesy Elaine Hooper, BIS Archive.

In October 1936, he served on the board of the new Ice Dance Club at Westminster Ice Rink alongside Viscount Doneraile, Reginald Wilkie, Daphne Wallis and others. Among the ice dance events there are records of Tomlinson judging are the Amateur British Inter-Rink Ice Skating Dance Competition For The Westover Challenge Trophy at the Westover Ice Rink in Bournemouth on April 6, 1935, "The Skating Times" Waltzing Competition on April 8, 1936, the 1937 British Amateur Ice Dance Skating Competition at the Sports-drome in Richmond and the 1938 and 1939 British Amateur Ice Dance Skating Championships.

Elsie Ritson, J.T. Mason, Reginald Wilkie and William Tomlinson skating at the Grand Hotel Kronenhof in Pontresina, Switzerland, 1935. Photo courtesy Elaine Hooper, BIS Archive.

In 1937, William Tomlinson served on the board of the Celerina Skating Club in Switzerland alongside Mr. and Mrs. A. Proctor Burman, H. Allan-Smith, Daphne Wallis and Reginald Wilkie, Miss D. Donatsch, H.A. Bore, T.E. Leschner, George Bisenz and D.M. Martin. Under the direction of this board, an ice dance competition called the Mr. and Mrs. A.P. Burman Junior Dance Trophy was contested in Switzerland by the largely British contingent of skaters training in the Swiss canton of GraubĂĽnden during the long winters under coach H. Rolle. BIS' phenomenal historian Elaine Hooper (who assisted with much of the research about the Tomlinson's earlier skating lives contained in this blog and provided me with copies of results and clippings from Daphne Wallis' private collection and the photos contained herein) explained that "he remained on the [NSA] committee until 1939. There is an entry in the minutes of the meeting of October 5, 1939 that his letter of resignation from both the committee and judging panel had been received and was accepted with regret. No reason for the resignation was mentioned in the minutes."

Group photo from Daphne Wallis' private collection. William Tomlinson is second from left on the top row and Elsie Ritson is on the far right on the bottom row. Photo courtesy Elaine Hooper, BIS Archive.

The same year Tomlinson resigned from the NSA's Ice Dance Committee, he married Ritson in London. After residing in Britain for a time, the couple lived for many years in Cuernavaca, Mexico. They generously donated the Tomlinson Trophy to the National Skating Association, which was contested as a televised international ice dance competition in the fifties and sixties in England. In 1965, World Medallists Janet Sawbridge and Jon Lane claimed this very title ahead of West Germans Gabriele and Rudi Matysik.

 In 1975, the then-aging couple moved to San Antonio, Texas. By 1983, Elsie was a sixty eight year old author of a book of poetry and avid painter and William, at eighty, was dying from cancer, had diabetes, progressive degeneration of the spine and his body was wracked with arthritis. He wasn't expected to live.

Like Shakespeare's star-crossed lovers, the Tomlinson's made a tragic decision. On August 21, 1983, they left money for a telephone bill and letters and a tape recording for friends and neighbours. After drinking a glass of wine on their love seat, the couple held hands and put plastic bags over their heads until they suffocated. Their bodies were discovered the next day by an assistant apartment manager in their building who was concerned that no one had heard from the couple. The medical examiner's office ruled their deaths as suicide by asphyxia. In the August 25, 1983 edition of the Lakeland Ledger, friend Julius Germanoz was quoted as saying that "they were embracing. They had told me quite a few times they would end up this way. They had a pact. She said, 'if he goes - I go."

Clyde White, deputy sports editor for The London Times, explained that "The Tomlinson's were ice skaters, but they were better known as ice skating judges. They were judges in the 1939 British Ice Dancing Championships." Their attorney, Larry Gibbs, added that they were "avid figure skaters, but they weren't pretentious. If they received any medals or awards, they wouldn't have been displayed. They would have been privately contained. They were that type of people. In this world of givers and takers, I'd say they were the givers. They had a lot to share, but there were very private people. If you were in that close circle of friends, there would be nothing they'd deny you, but they were hard to approach."

Anyone who has been touched by the loss of someone close to them of suicide knows how heart wrenching a loss it can be. If anything, the 2014 death of actor Robin Williams, who was diagnosed with early stage Parkinson's Disease and suffered from depression, opened the world's eyes to the complexity of the issue. I personally subscribe to the belief that we are here for as long as we are meant to be for a reason. That said, as sad as the Shakespearian decision of the Tomlinson's suicide pact ultimately was, it was their tragic choice.

Skate Guard is a blog dedicated to preserving the rich, colourful and fascinating history of figure skating. Over ten years, the blog has featured over a thousand free articles covering all aspects of the sport's history, as well as four compelling in-depth features. To read the latest articles, follow the blog on FacebookTwitterPinterest and YouTube. If you enjoy Skate Guard, please show your support for this archive by ordering a copy of the figure skating reference books "The Almanac of Canadian Figure Skating", "Technical Merit: A History of Figure Skating Jumps" and "A Bibliography of Figure Skating": https://skateguard1.blogspot.com/p/buy-book.html.

Wherefore Art Thou, Part One: Romeo And Juliet On Ice

Dorothy Hamill, Toller Cranston and Brian Pockar posing in a publicity photo for "Romeo And Juliet On Ice"

"From forth the fatal loins of these two foes 
A pair of star-crossed lovers take their life,
Whose misadventured piteous overthrows 
Doth with their death bury their parents’ strife"

- William Shakespeare, "Romeo And Juliet"

For decades, skaters around the world have been exploring the themes presented in William Shakespeare's iconic tragic romance "Romeo And Juliet". From Olympic Gold Medallists Marina Anissina and Gwendal Peizerat to Marina Klimova and Sergei Ponomarenko and Natalia Bestemianova and Andrei Bukin to many far less known or remembered interpretations, musical scores from Prokofiev, Tchaikovsky, Mancini and even the 1996 Baz Luhrmann film have become standard fare in skating circles. However, "Romeo And Juliet On Ice", a made for television gem from the early eighties, remains a largely forgotten treasure.

Directed by Robert Iscove, "Romeo And Juliet On Ice" was filmed in a tiny CFTO studio in Toronto, Ontario and starred Olympic Gold Medallist Dorothy Hamill and World Bronze Medallist Brian Pockar in the roles of Romeo and Juliet. Olympic Bronze Medallist Toller Cranston added, of course, his usual flair to the production in the role of Tybalt, Juliet's cousin (a Capulet who is stabbed by Romeo). The choreography for the production was done jointly by Iscove and Sandra Bezic and the production was first broadcast for American audiences as part of 'the CBS Festival of Lively Arts for Young People' in November 1983 and later packaged for Canadian television just prior to Christmas 1983 on CTV.


In a December 17, 1983 article in The Globe And Mail, the late Pockar recalled the dreaded kissing scene, which took an hour and a half to film: "After the rings were exchanged and it came time to kiss, my upper lip started to quiver. I worried that Dorothy would notice and start to laugh or worry about my worrying about it." According to Hamill's then-manager, not only did Hamill notice the twitch in Pockar's lip, she convulsed in laughter for fifteen minutes: He said, "When Dorothy gets tired, she gets the giggles. She gets beyond tired: she's all adrenaline. I told her, 'Think of your grandmother's funeral.'"

Dorothy Hamill. Photo courtesy Los Angeles Public Library.

It wasn't all laughs though; the filming of the production was a challenge for choreographers and skaters alike. Bezic had less than two weeks to turn Hamill and Pockar, two accomplished singles skaters, into a cohesive pair team and Pockar and Cranston both had to adapt double axels and triple jumps to a very small ice surface. When Hamill wasn't going over her lines - she served as the narrator of the production - or fitting for costumes, she was on the ice for twelve hour days and watching Franco Zeffirelli's 1968 film adaptation of the play in the evenings when she left the studio before grabbing less than eight hours sleep and doing it all over again. Many might dismissivelya look back on the production as made for television shtick in hindsight, but these skaters took the authenticity of the production very seriously.


The Sergei Prokofiev score, performed by the London Symphony Orchestra, was used as a musical backdrop and costumes were developed to complement the lavish set by British designer Zandra Rhodes. In the November 25, 1983 edition of The Lakeland Ledger, Judy Flander praised the production thusly: "Romeo And Juliet will charm anyone acquainted with the tragic pair. Others will be attracted by the ice ballet with its sword fights, its romantic balcony scene and the sad finale in the (literally) 'ice cold tomb.' The sets are just magnificent and I think the skating is the best filmed and edited I've ever seen." The production was generally well received by television audiences and critics alike and despite their hesitant on screen kiss, Hamill and Pockar later revived one of their pairs performances from "Romeo And Juliet On Ice" in the 1985 production "Festival On Ice" at the Wolf Trap Filene Center amptitheater in Washington, D.C. in the summer of 1985.  

In a climate today where many televised skating specials revolve around professional skaters creating one-off programs accompanied by musical artists often along the ilk of an Aaron Carter, it's always a real treat to look back at these high production, wonderfully creative efforts from the eighties and nineties. Skating has absolutely not lost its art but I think it's absolutely fair to yearn for more of it. Ice show, ice show, wherefore art thou, ice show? Stay tuned for part two of this series, where we'll learn the shocking story of skating's real life Romeo and Juliet.

Skate Guard is a blog dedicated to preserving the rich, colourful and fascinating history of figure skating. Over ten years, the blog has featured over a thousand free articles covering all aspects of the sport's history, as well as four compelling in-depth features. To read the latest articles, follow the blog on FacebookTwitterPinterest and YouTube. If you enjoy Skate Guard, please show your support for this archive by ordering a copy of the figure skating reference books "The Almanac of Canadian Figure Skating", "Technical Merit: A History of Figure Skating Jumps" and "A Bibliography of Figure Skating": https://skateguard1.blogspot.com/p/buy-book.html.

Figure Skating Hodge Podge, Volume 3

As autumn creeped in the last two years, I introduced you to a Nova Scotian classic: hodge podge.  If you've never had a proper bowl of hodge podge, you don't know what you're missing. It's a traditional Nova Scotian fall dish that uses nothing but the freshest harvest vegetables. It just warms your soul and I'm craving it already by just mentioning it.

Here in Atlantic Canada, we use the expression "hodge podge" to describe anything that's got a little bit of everything. Figure skating constantly evolves and changes that much that it's not always easy to keep track of all of the developments, stories and (sometimes) dramas that develop along the way. I've had several topics that I'd been wanting to write about for quite a while that all seemed to have two common denominators. For one, they are all tales that many people may not know or if they did, might not remember. Secondly, they don't all really have enough material to constitute a full blog of their own. Fasten your seatbelts and prepare for a tour of compelling stories with a skating connection... an a delicious 6.0 finish:

UPDATE TO SKATING IN AFRICA


Every so often I like to throw in a little update on a blog I have already written and in this case I wanted to start things off with an addition to the October 2013 blog "Winter Sports Without The Winter: Skating In Africa". The Ikeja City Mall in Lagos, Nigeria now plays host to the Philorem Ice Skating Arena. A January 2015 interview with Mrs. Ojikutu, the rink's owner, explained that the inspiration from the rink came from the growing popularity of ice skating in Dubai and that "traffic has been quite impressive. We started three months ago and we've been experiencing great turn out, especially from schools. They come for excursions and recreation. In fact, at weekends, this place is always as clumsy as markets. On Sundays too, we open here after 11 AM. I mean after church services... My future plan for the business is to expand it to other malls across the country and also finally get to our own site to operate." The true growth of skating internationally never ceases to amaze me and I wish our Nigerian skating friends so much luck in getting things off the ground!

THE DEATH OF DELLA BEYAK



I wish I could tell you this is a happy tale but it's far from it. Della Beyak was a twenty one year old figure skater and avid Ukrainian dancer. She was also a constable with the Royal Canadian Mounted Police, and sadly was the first female RCMP officer to die in the line of duty after only nine months on the job. On March 15, 1989 near Assiniboia, Saskatchewan, Constable Beyak responded to a call for assistance at a car crash in the middle of a bad snowstorm. Trying to pass a slow-moving transport truck that was blinding her with snow on the highway, Beyak collided head on with the coroner who had just left the scene of a car accident. An ambulance leaving the scene collided with both vehicles as well. Both Beyak and the coroner were killed and the ambulance driver suffered serious injuries.

EARLY SKATING IN IRELAND



Although the luck of the blarney stone didn't come into fruition for Irish figure skaters until 1980, when the country's first permanent ice rink was built in Dublin, that certainly didn't mean people weren't skating. According to Kim Bielenberg, Liz Kearney, and John Meagher's article "Ireland 1914: suffragettes, ice-skating in the park and a country on the brink of war", skating proved popular as a social activity on the Emerald Isle in the early twentieth century. Bielenberg, Kearney and Meagher state that in 1914 "Ireland was hit by freezing weather at start of the year as blizzards raged across the country. In Dublin, people skated across the ponds in Phoenix Park". Irish eyes might have been smiling, but Irish legs were apparently keeping warm with figure eights. We'll take a further look at Irish skating history topics in a future Skate Guard blog!

GĂ–RING AND HIMMLER: UGH, MORE SKATING NAZIS


As if the story of Adolf Hitler's skates wasn't macabre enough, The Virtual Ice Skates Museum came into the possession of Hitler's right hand man's skates. Hermann Göring, who committed suicide by taking a cyanide pill while in custody following his sentencing at the Nuremberg Trials, was only second to Hitler himself in terms of power in Nazi Germany. It would also appear he was a skater. The museum's online website states that "any collector once find a couple of objects of which he does not know how to judge them. That feeling also exists with a pair of English ice skates made by I. Sorby, Sheffield. On both platforms the signature of Hermann Göring can be seen as well as two impressions made with a dry stamp showing the German eagle with swastika." Horrifically, one skater's actions would prove directly responsible for the death of countless others, including Anne Frank. Göring and Hitler wouldn't be the only high ranking Nazi's with a skating connection either... Heinrich Himmler skated too. Katrin Himmler's book "The Himmler Brothers" provides this quote from a letter to Himmler's mother confirming Heinrich and his brother Gebhard skated too: "On 2 and 3 November - the semester had only just begun - the brothers wrote their first joint letter home. First of all Gebhard: 'we would both like our ice-skates together with the keys now; so it should get really cold and we have time we'd like to have our skates here. So if you would, Mummy dear, put them in the next parcel.'" Photos of Sonja Henie exist showing her receiving congratulations from Hitler, Göring and Himmler, so they must have all been skating fans even if they were despicable people.

F.C. EVE: THE SKATING DOCTOR

After writing about The Regent's Park Tragedy and other such less than happy stories from skating history where skaters on outdoor lakes, ponds and rivers had drowned from falling through the ice, learning about Dr. F.C. Eve's medical contributions to the resuscitation of the drowned seemed a fascinating and related story... considering the good doctor himself was also a skater. To give you a little background on who F.C. Eve was, I want to start with a quote from one of his friends. In the December 20, 1952 edition of "The Journal" Dr. Peter C. McKinlay remembered the then late Dr. Eve in the following way: "to visit him was a mental exercise, made all the more pleasant by his unfailing courtesy, courage and quiet sense of humour." Much like Tenley Albright (another talented skater who later became a doctor, Eve devoted his time tirelessly to his work in the medical field and research. As explained earlier though, much of his work - which was quite revolutionary at the time - centered around artificial respiration.


He invented something called the 'rocking method', a form of resuscitation that he believed was less tiring on the person performing it, easier on the victim and requiring less skill than the Schafer method of revival popular at the time. In Eve's method, a drowning victim was tied to a board and essentially rocked back and forth over a pile of rocks to allow water to escape from the lungs. An article from the July 1946 edition of "Popular Science" explained that "the rocking ventilates the lungs by alternately pushing and pulling the diaphragm up and down. At the same time, blood is forced through the oxygen-starved heart muscle, helping to start it or restore a feeble beat. Further, the nerve cells of the brain and breathing center receive blood at normal pressure. When the feet-down tilt is made, blood from the extended arms fills the heart and encourages it to beat and pump... Experiments have shown that the Eve method, with a 30-degree rock, produced an average intake of 150 cubic centimeters of air at each inhalation as against 55 c.c.'s under the Schafer method." In his May 1, 1943 article in the "British Medical Journal", Eve was cognisant of the challenges his method posed: "the trouble with apparatus for the rocking method is that it may not be at hand when needed; but in a ship, a stretcher which can be rocked could be instantly available." Eve pointed out success stories using examples of ships that did have a stretcher available to perform his method... and the lives that it saved. His skating connection? His obituary explains that Eve "had many interests outside his profession and was a keen golfer, tennis player, and trout-fisher and he won a silver medal for figure-skating." Although his rocking method for reviving drowning victims gained traction mostly on ships as opposed to being used to treat victims of pleasure swimming related drownings, one has to ponder how many lives this good doctor could have saved had he been among his fellow skaters in Regent's Park. 

NOVA SCOTIAN HODGE PODGE RECIPE


Sop up what's left with some nice hearty bread and be sure to double or triple up so that you have leftovers... this is always better the second day! This recipe is for four to six people:

Ingredients (fresh from a farmer's market or garden):

10-12 new potatoes – scrubbed/not peeled, and halved – quarter any large potatoes, and don't cut the small ones – you want the potato pieces to be about the same size
2-3 cups chopped new carrots – scrubbed/not peeled, cut into bite sized pieces (you can peel them if you like)
1 cup chopped yellow beans – 1 inch long pieces
1 cup chopped green beans – 1 inch long pieces
1 cup shelled pod peas – you want just the peas, not the pods
1.5 cups cream
1/4 – 1/2 cup butter
salt and pepper to taste

1. Fill a large, heavy pot about halfway with water, and salt lightly (about 1/2 teaspoon of salt). Bring to a boil.
2. Add the potatoes to the boiling water. Cook for about seven minutes.
3. Add the carrots to the pot, and continue cooking for about seven minutes.
4. Next add the yellow and green beans to the pot, and continue cooking for about five minutes.
5. Finally, add the peas, and continue cooking for about three minutes.
6. Drain off most of the water – leave about an inch of water (no more) in the bottom of the pot with the vegetables. Return the pot to the stove, and reduce burner heat to low. Add the cream and butter, and some salt and pepper (I start with a 1/4 teaspoon of each).
7. Gently stir to combine, allowing the the blend and butter to heat through. As you’re stirring, the potatoes might break up a bit. As the the blend and butter heat through, the broth may begin to thicken. This is normal. Don’t allow the mixture to boil.
8. Once the mixture has heated through, it is ready to serve. Season with a little salt and pepper to taste. Serve with bread.

Skate Guard is a blog dedicated to preserving the rich, colourful and fascinating history of figure skating. Over ten years, the blog has featured over a thousand free articles covering all aspects of the sport's history, as well as four compelling in-depth features. To read the latest articles, follow the blog on FacebookTwitterPinterest and YouTube. If you enjoy Skate Guard, please show your support for this archive by ordering a copy of the figure skating reference books "The Almanac of Canadian Figure Skating", "Technical Merit: A History of Figure Skating Jumps" and "A Bibliography of Figure Skating": https://skateguard1.blogspot.com/p/buy-book.html.

The Short Program Revisited: Bonus Material From Sonia Bianchetti Garbato


I want to start by saying a big thank you to all of you who have taken the time to share the latest blog on the origins of the short program. Prior to publishing the blog, I had actually reached out to Sonia Bianchetti Garbato regarding the topic at hand but we were unfortunately unable to touch base until after the blog was published yesterday. She provided me with another wonderful perspective and some further clarification regarding the institution of the pairs short program and some corrections to Mr. Vosátka's 1994 memoir "Idea Born From Rage" that I think all of you would find as tremendously interesting as I did. I'm reproducing her commentary below with permission:

"In 1963, the President of the ISU was Dr. James [Koch], from Switzerland, and not Mr. Labin. Mr. Labin was only a council member. Mr. Jacques Favart, from France, was the Vice President, who chaired the meeting on figure skating technical matters in Helsinki in 1963 when the introduction of the short program for pairs was discussed and decided by the Congress. The Technical Committee was composed of: Chairman Josef DÄ›diÄŤ of Czechoslovakia [and members were] Karl Enderlin of Switzerland, Alexander Gordon of Great Britain [with] substitute member Rudolf Marx of West Germany. I never heard of Mr. Labin being involved with the content of the compulsory program, but I may be wrong of course. Second, in 1963 the pairs executed two free programs not only one. In the pairs events of the European Championships of 1962 and 1963, there were trials of new formats. Since their start in ISU Championships in 1908 the pairs competition only included one free skating performance. Considering the rapid increase in the technical level of pair skating there had been an increasing feeling that the pairs event should consist of more than one part. The first trial of a new format at the European Championships 1962 at Geneva (but not in the Worlds) was to skate the free program twice on consecutive days, with the first performance being marked closed - that is with no marks displayed. The result was calculated but not announced. The draw of the starting order for the second performance was based upon the result of the first, with the better pairs placed skating in the last group. The second performance was marked open in the usual manner, but the final result was based upon the combined marks for both performances.

The second trial was also at the 1963 European Championships at Budapest. [It] again consisted of two performances on different days but this time with performances being marked using the open system and with the result of the first performance being announced. The draws were carried out and the results calculated in the same manner as the first trial. The trial proved not to be so satisfactory, with more or less the same results in the two performances with a negative effect on the competitors having to perform the same program twice and generally, with a lower level of performance the second time.

So at the ISU Congress in 1963, in Helsinki, the principal matter considered was the format of pair skating. The double performance of free skating, tried out in 1962 and 1963 was definitely rejected, and a 'connected compulsory program', of two and one-half minutes of duration, with a value of one third of the total score, was adopted. The new program was approved for inclusion in ISU Championships in 1964 and 1965 but not for the 1964 Winter Olympic Games in Innsbruck. As I say in my book, the program consisted of six basic elements such as lifts, solo jumps, pair spins and solo spins, death spirals and step sequences.

The format of this compulsory program changed in the following years, but it remained as the basis for the 'short program with compulsory moves' which would be adopted in 1971 for single skating as well. The short program was judged on essentially the same basis and with the same marks as for free skating.

It was in October 1974, during Skate Canada in Kitchener (I was at the time the Chairman of the ISU Figure Skating Technical Committee) that I had a new idea. Because of the time difference, I woke up in the middle of the night and could not get asleep again. Thinking about the short program and how to better achieve the purpose of improving the quality of the required elements, I wondered how useful it would be to adopt specific grades of deductions for failures or omissions in the required elements. This would be made in the first mark only. During the night, I worked out the entire proposal, with a complete list of deductions to be applied to the different elements reflecting the gravity of the failures.

During breakfast, the same day, I met John Shoemaker, who was the Vice President for figure skating, and I told him what I had brought forth during the night and showed it to him. He found the idea great and the proposal was discussed with the Technical Committee and submitted to the Congress in 1975 and it was approved. The system remained into force till 2004 when the New Judging System was introduced after the scandal in the pairs event at the Olympic Games in Salt Lake City."

I want to offer a huge thanks to Ms. Bianchetti Garbato for these clarifications and such a wonderfully in-depth 'behind the scenes' explanation of the whole process of the institution of Mr. Vosátka's proposal... and of course, her role in the short program's early development. A point of notice: Ms. Bianchetti Garbato is absolutely correct regarding the fact that Labin was not ISU President at the time of the submission of the proposal. He did, however, serve as ISU President in 1967, but died suddenly in Vienna during his term that year.

As I've explained to a few people on social media and on the figure skating forums, this is a topic that we will revisit in a future blog devoted entirely to Janet Lynn. The Janet Lynn blog will be actually be the final blog of 2015 in late December! You're also going to love some of the really unique topics from figure skating history coming your way rapid fire every few days during the months of October and November so stay tuned!

Skate Guard is a blog dedicated to preserving the rich, colourful and fascinating history of figure skating. Over ten years, the blog has featured over a thousand free articles covering all aspects of the sport's history, as well as four compelling in-depth features. To read the latest articles, follow the blog on FacebookTwitterPinterest and YouTube. If you enjoy Skate Guard, please show your support for this archive by ordering a copy of the figure skating reference books "The Almanac of Canadian Figure Skating", "Technical Merit: A History of Figure Skating Jumps" and "A Bibliography of Figure Skating": https://skateguard1.blogspot.com/p/buy-book.html.

How The Short Program Was Invented


Inspiration can come from the most unexpected places. When Marian Scott called me up to talk Canadian figure skating history for a September article in the Montreal Gazette, she introduced me to the untold story of her son's former skating coach which led me on an almost Indiana Jones like path  to uncover a completely untold part of figure skating history. Enter eighty six year old Karel Vosátka, a Montreal skating coach who - with partner BlaĹľena Knittlová - won the silver medal at the European Figure Skating Championships back in 1948 in his home country of Czechoslovakia.

At Marian's suggestion, I called Mr. Vosátka. He affirmed what she told me was true... that it was indeed he who invented the short program. He was gracious enough to mail me three precious documents that reveal the story in great detail - the ISU's Communication No. 350, a photocopy of his original ISU proposal and a written memoir from July 5, 1994 called "Idea, Born From Rage" where he shared the entire story. Let's rev up the time machine and learn how the short program was developed from the inventor himself:

IDEA, BORN FROM RAGE

"Till 1963 presented all figure skating pairs only one single, 5 minutes long, free programme to judges. Not even the slightest mistake, but essentially the starting order with number '1' signified word for word - disaster.

I felt personally this 'pleasure' and starting number '1' was over fifteen years my predestined companion. Ladies, men or dance competitions was another story: after prescribed figures or dances, the free style represented the second entry on the ice, second introduction to judges, shortly: the second chance. Thereby not only the performance, but more favourable starting order helped often to better result!

Chatting, by a lucky hit, with Ernest Labin (at that time the president of the ISU) in Bucharest, where he passed on business, I opened my heart to this likeable Austrian explaining him, what a disadvantage have pairs face to soloists and dancers. 'Well, you put something reasonable together and I try to push it through!' was his laconic answer.

Two weeks later I posted to Vienna an elaboration of two and half minutes 'SHORT FREE' (how I called it myself, using the half time of 5 minutes pair free) with obligatory elements, connected in free order, following the music chosen by pair. This programme included all typical pair skating elements: lifts, pair spins, death spirals as well as solo elements: jumps, spins and footworks. Results of 'Short free' will help to draw starting order for presentation of 'Long free' - in brief: the same principle as after obligatory figures in solo skating.

Shortly after meeting of technical committee ISU came Ernest to Bucharest again. He glowed: 'Grossartige Idee, Karl, fabulous, unanimously accepted! We'll try it next season at Europeans!'

Congress 1965 incorporated definitively the SHORT PROGRAMME FOR PAIRS to figure skating rules. New era of pair skating has shown later the way to soloists. Tireless defender of freestyle and my good friend since 1940 Dr. Dědič (alias Pepik) crowned this effort in 1971 in Venice: The SHORT PROGRAMME was finally accepted along for figure skating of ladies and men.

Obligatory figures are gone, short programme became current part of figure skating. Gone are also both good friends Ernest Labin and Josef DÄ›diÄŤ...

There is no mention of the origin of SHORT PROGRAMME in DÄ›diÄŤ's book 'WORLD SPINS'. Just short notice... 'on elaboration of this revolutionary change took part Czech coach...' For me remained as satisfaction the sincere excuse of my friend... in 1979 in Springfield, USA: 'Sorry Karel, no way to mention your name. My book couldn't so came out...!' It was time of Communist censorship and I emigrated in 1969 to West. Using the expression of former TV-commentator, I was 'ungrateful dissenter'. But all that is a long time ago..."

HOW THE SHORT PROGRAM CAME TO BE

After meeting with Labin and submitting his six page proposal, entitled "Vorschlag des 'Paarläufer - Pflichtprogrammes'" in German, for consideration, Mr. Vosátka waited in anticipation while ISU delegates met at the Hotel Marxi in Helsinki, Finland in early June 1963. Sonia Bianchetti Garbato was one of those present. In her book, "Cracked Ice: Figure Skating's Inner World" (recently reviewed on Claire Cloutier's excellent blog A Divine Sport), Bianchetti Garbato explained "In 1963 [at the ISU Congress], only 20 Members [i.e., member nations] were present and 5 were represented by proxy. The number of delegates did not exceed 50 in total. I remember that during the separate meetings for figure or speed skating, we all sat around the same table... The principal matter being considered was the format for pair skating and the duration of the free programs. For a couple of years, the double performance of the free program for pairs had been tried out at the European Championships but did not prove to be satisfactory. However, there was a strong feeling that the performance of only one program was not good either. Pair skating was the only branch of the sport without a compulsory component ....and it was in the interest of the skaters to give them the opportunity to perform more than once in front of the judges to show their true abilities. So, after a very interesting and passionate debate, it was decided to adopt a 'compulsory program' of two and one-half minutes duration, initially counting for one-third of the total score. The program consisted of six basic elements such as lifts, solo jumps, pair spins and solo spins, death spirals and step sequences. I actively participated in the discussion and gave a strong push for its acceptance. The first use of the new short program was in the 1964 ISU championships, but it was not used in the Olympic Winter Games that year. It is interesting to note that the format of this compulsory program changed in the following years, but it remained as the basis for the 'short program with compulsory moves' which would be adopted in 1971 for single skating as well, and which represented a very important step in the modernization of the sport."

Mr. Vosátka's approved proposal, listing the six required element options and perhaps, most importantly, the short program's role in determining starting order for the free skate appeared in ISU Communication No. 350. I'm including section six, "Pair Skating: New compulsory program" in its entirety below:


As the original six prescribed elements are included in this communication, I will not include the original proposal in German here on the blog but it's archived in my extensive personal collection if anyone's interested! I have to offer up huge thanks to Marian Scott for pointing me in Mr. Vosátka's direction and to Claire Cloutier for enlightening me as to Sonia Bianchetti Garbato's role in the legislation of this project. However, I have to offer my sincerest thanks to Mr. Vosátka himself for his permission to finally share his untold story. Along the way, so many people make important contributions to figure skating history and many of those people's contributions lie undocumented; lost in time. That's a big part of why I write this blog and focus my energy and attention on uncovering those stories. While so many others devote hours to expounding upon the sea of math that skating has evolved into, there's a whole world of figure skating that we only have to look in our rear view mirror to discover. These stories are in my opinion every bit as, if not more, important.

Skate Guard is a blog dedicated to preserving the rich, colourful and fascinating history of figure skating. Over ten years, the blog has featured over a thousand free articles covering all aspects of the sport's history, as well as four compelling in-depth features. To read the latest articles, follow the blog on FacebookTwitterPinterest and YouTube. If you enjoy Skate Guard, please show your support for this archive by ordering a copy of the figure skating reference books "The Almanac of Canadian Figure Skating", "Technical Merit: A History of Figure Skating Jumps" and "A Bibliography of Figure Skating": https://skateguard1.blogspot.com/p/buy-book.html.

Ullr The Norse Skate God


Perhaps this blog should be alternatively titled "Skate GOD" instead of "Skate Guard". Go ahead, groan. You have my permission. In Saxo Grammaticus' twelfth century work "Gesta Danorum", the Scandinavian deity Ollerus (Ullr) is described as a wizard with a rather clever way of getting from point A to point B: "The story goes that he was such a cunning wizard that he used a certain bone, which he had marked with awful spells, wherewith to cross the seas, instead of a vessel; and that by this bone he passed over the waters that barred his way as quickly as by rowing." Ullr was often depicted in either skis or skates and he was known as a god of the winter, certainly fitting in the unforgiving Scandinavian climate. His cultural significance and worship in Norse culture predates the Iron Age and Ullr even crossed cultural boundaries when he was included in the children's story "The Ice King And His Wonderful Grandchild" in the 1918 book "Dutch Fairy Tales For Young Folks".

Northern Tradition Paganism offers an article by Geordie Ingerson with a pagan ritual/prayer to Ullr designed to bless your skates. How cool is that? Ingerson explains "to bless skates before taking them onto ice - which is especially important if you are skating on a body of water rather than a skating rink - break a branch of evergreen and tie it with snow-white yarn to the blades of the skates. Touch them with cold water, and Bone say:

'Bone-Skater, bless my blades and bear me
Safe and swift across the glass,
Keep the winter water from me,
Let no crack come looking for me,
Give me grace and forgive my falls.
Hail Ullr, may you hear my call.'

Hang them up outside for a night and a day, then untie the evergreen branch and tie it over your door. Skate in good health, and be safe." That actually really makes me smile!

The website also offers some insight into Ullr's story and background: "Ullr was said to be the son of Sif and the stepson of Thor. Some claim that he was the son of Egill/Aurvandil, the great archer who was Thor's hunting companion and the father of Svipdag as well. Some see him as Aesir because of his mother and stepfather; some as Vanir because of his food-procuring hunter's nature. He lived in Ydalir, the Yew-grove, referring to the fact that yew wood was the favourite for making bows even thousands of years ago. In Saxo Grammaticus's works, where the Gods are recast as human heroes, Odin is temporarily exiled for rape and Ullr is chosen to lead in his place until Odin's return, which is an echo of his former importance to the people of the North. In Lilla Ullevi, Sweden, an actual shrine to Ullr was unearthed. In the earth around it were found 65 rings; old references to swearing on Ullr's ring indicate that he was one of the Gods who watched over a vow. The rings were apparently used for swearing oaths and then buried at his shrine." Celebration of Ullr continues to this day. The site of Ullr's shrine which is north of Stockholm was excavated in 2007 and consistently plays host to worshippers and curious travellers alike.


Skaters and skating fans often half seriously "pray to the Skate Gods" for a good, clean skate. I always say it's good to put a name with a face so to speak, so the next time you or some skater you love is praying to land that triple toe-loop combination, don't just say a little prayer to Lidwina, The Patron Saint Of Ice Skating but be sure to give a shout out to Ullr as well. As far as 'real life Skate Gods' go, he's the perhaps the closest thing we've really got!

Skate Guard is a blog dedicated to preserving the rich, colourful and fascinating history of figure skating. Over ten years, the blog has featured over a thousand free articles covering all aspects of the sport's history, as well as four compelling in-depth features. To read the latest articles, follow the blog on FacebookTwitterPinterest and YouTube. If you enjoy Skate Guard, please show your support for this archive by ordering a copy of the figure skating reference books "The Almanac of Canadian Figure Skating", "Technical Merit: A History of Figure Skating Jumps" and "A Bibliography of Figure Skating": https://skateguard1.blogspot.com/p/buy-book.html.

Interview With SĂ©bastien Britten

World Professional Figure Skating Champion SĂ©bastien Britten of Canada

I'm starting to feel a little like the boy who cried wolf. Back in late June, I announced that I no longer intended to include standalone interviews on the blog. The last two that I planned to feature were with Olympic medallists Robin Cousins and Petr Barna but due to schedules and logistics, in late July I released another fabulous interview - this time with World Champion Todd Eldredge. Well, true to life and things not always going as planned, I've got ONE more fantastic encore to share with you, this one planned some time ago. Although we weren't able to finally coordinate an interview until recently, the chance to speak with Canadian and World Professional Champion SĂ©bastien Britten was something I just couldn't pass up as his story is one that is absolutely an important part of the fabric of Canadian history. A true artist in the midst of the quad race, SĂ©bastien's breakthroughs were to be admired and his beautiful skating, in my opinion, speaks for itself.  We spoke at length about the highlights of his career, influences, work as a choreographer and much more in this chat I think you're going to just love:

Q: I don't think it could be any more fitting with Nationals returning to Halifax in a few short months to start by talking about your experience winning the Canadian Championships here in this city back in 1995. What can you share about your experience?

A: Well, Nationals - or Canadians as we used to call it in those days - back in 1995 was a very special event for the Britten family as my father's side of the family is from Nova Scotia. Just skating for my grandmother Agi (and a whole section full of family members) was a unique highlight! I was really nervous and wanting to skate my very best for all of them. When the chance of winning presented itself, the pressure I put on my shoulders was huge! What I will always remember the most (and I still have a photo of this moment on a wall in my house today) is the moment, at the boards on the ice, right after the free program, when I got to hug my grandmother... a moment I will keep alive in my heart and mind forever since she's gone now.


Q: How would you describe the experience of competing in the 1994 Olympics, especially with all of the media buzz surrounding all of the skaters making comebacks and "the Tonya Harding/Nancy Kerrigan scandal"?

A: Another major highlight in my life! The Lillehammer experience was like spending three weeks on another planet! It was awesome. I loved everything about it. Actually the few months after finishing third at Canadians and making it to the Olympic team was a dream come true, especially since I never went to the World Championships before. Talk about a way to enter a higher sphere of our sport! The Harding/Kerrigan drama/scandal was a big thing in Lillehammer, yes. The excitement of the journalists became a bit of a joke for us athletes. It was also a year when they allowed professionals to come back to eligible competition. Personally, I was more impressed to meet and share the moment with Katarina Witt, Brian Boitano, Torvill and Dean and Gordeeva and Grinkov and all the athletes from other sports than the American drama of you know who!

Q: You were known in your competitive days as an extremely elegant and musical skater. Who was your choreographer and did you do a lot of ballet, dance or off ice training?

A: Well, I did my own choreography, music choices and edits (which I did all my career for all my programs) until my second year as a senior. David Wilson became my choreographer in March 1991 and I was his first international client! Very proud of that. We became friends and creators. I also had the privilege of working on different opportunities with great choreographers like Sarah Kawahara, Sandra Bezic, Michael Seibert and Majoly. I started taking ballet class at Les Grands Ballets Canadiens de Montreal only when I was twenty two. Eventually, I kept training ballet with master Maurice Lemay for six more years. My dream would have been to be a professional dancer.


Q: You won the 1998 World Professional Figure Skating Championships in Jaca, Spain with two outstanding performances against a very deep field that included skaters like Petr Barna, Eric Millot, Alexandr Fadeev and Doug Mattis. How did the experience of competing as a professional differ from your days of ISU eligible competition?

A: Since the invitation to Jaca World Pro came at a very difficult moment (when the transition from eligible to pro was rough and empty) and it came during the ice storm of 1998, I took it very seriously. For me, trying new creative avenues and directions for this event was very important; a necessity. The short program we did, David Wilson and I, was called "Nightmare" and was a more electro-techno piece based on darker moments we all go through in life. For the long, I was fortunate to work with the incomparable Majoly, a dancer, singer, musician and composer. When we met, she asked me what was my vision for music. A few weeks later we met at a dance studio where she worked. She sat me down, asked me to close my eyes, open my heart and played this piece she composed, played and sang for me. "Saraswatti" was the  name of the piece and it brought a multitude of emotions immediately to my senses. Right then and there, I fell in love with it! Majoly had created an original piece for me and what a blessing! The choreography was created as a modern dance in a dance studio and what a blast it was the work on. Majoly pushed me in directions I never explored before. She taught me how to move for real, from the bottom of my soul. The dance was put to the ice by myself with directions from Majoly, since she couldn't skate. It became a trendsetting and unique piece and brought new wind to my skating life... and tens across the boards in Jaca! I loved the freedom I felt in those years I skated as a pro.


Q: Who are your favourite skaters competing today?

A: I really loved Yuna Kim and Patrick Chan and many couples in the dance events but now, I don't really feel much. Hopefully next the Olympics will bring new great vibrations?

Q: How has competitive skating changed for the better (and worse) since you were competing?

A: That's a difficult question. Unfortunately, I think the scandals previous to the changes injured the beautiful sides our sport had to offer and like always, the athletes suffered from those scandals... the loss of credibility, sponsors, TV rights, popularity of the sport. I don't think it has changed for the better. It's another game with less artistry and a much more closed circle with more politics and less humanity. But that's only my opinion.

Q: What kind of music would we find on your iTunes playlist?

A: I listen to a lot of music by Ben Howard, James Vincent McMorrow and the latest Joss Stone CD.
I just love music. There's always music playing at home or in my car... and I love all types of music.

Q: What makes a good skating coach?

A: Knowledge of pure skating techniques and knowledge of history. Someone generous, who truly listens. Honesty, connection, curiousity, confidence and loyalty. Someone who is open to others, open to delegation and to exploration.


Q: What can you share about your involvement in the sport today and looking forward to the future?

A: For the last nine years, I have been working as a freelance choreographer for many skaters and coaches. I'm based mostly in Québec but I work with a few skaters in other parts of Canada, the U.S.A. and Japan. This year, I created and worked with upcoming young talents in pre-novice, novice and junior and few seniors. Last year, I had two girls in the top four at nationals in senior, Véronik Mallet and Roxanne Rheault (whom I still work with for the long program). I love everyone I share creativity with. I work with all levels - even adults - and not just stars. My goal is to share my knowledge and ideas with as many people as possible...

Skate Guard is a blog dedicated to preserving the rich, colourful and fascinating history of figure skating. Over ten years, the blog has featured over a thousand free articles covering all aspects of the sport's history, as well as four compelling in-depth features. To read the latest articles, follow the blog on FacebookTwitterPinterest and YouTube. If you enjoy Skate Guard, please show your support for this archive by ordering a copy of the figure skating reference books "The Almanac of Canadian Figure Skating", "Technical Merit: A History of Figure Skating Jumps" and "A Bibliography of Figure Skating": https://skateguard1.blogspot.com/p/buy-book.html.