Discover The History Of Figure Skating!

Learn all about the fascinating world of figure skating history with Skate Guard Blog. Explore a treasure trove of articles on the history of figure skating, highlighting Olympic Medallists, World and National Champions and dazzling competitions, shows and tours. Written by former skater and judge Ryan Stevens, Skate Guard Blog also offers intriguing insights into the evolution of the sport over the decades. Delve into Stevens' five books for even more riveting stories and information about the history of everyone's favourite winter Olympic sport.

A Marvel From Manchester: The Jack Ferguson Page Story


Born March 27, 1900, in Brooklands, a suburb of Greater Manchester, England, John 'Jack' Ferguson Page was the only child of Frank Ferguson Page and Ellen 'Nellie' Annie Chate. He grew up wanting for nothing at a posh home at Beechthorpe, St. Margaret's Road in Dunham Massey, Altrincham, his needs attended to by a live-in cook, housemaid and nursemaid. His father, a former bank clerk, was a very successful stockbroker and his grandfather, also named John Page, was the superintendent of a Manchester market.

Photo courtesy "Skating World" magazine

When Jack was eleven, he was shipped off to a boarding school, St. Chad's Preparatory School for Boys Aged 7-14, in Prestatyn, North Wales. Afterwards, he studied chemistry for a time. At the age of eighteen in May of 1918, he enlisted in the Royal Air Force. It wasn't until after the Great War that he took up figure skating at the Manchester Ice Palace, which just happened to be the only indoor ice rink that was operational in England until the late in the roaring twenties. Splitting his training time between his home rink and the popular skating resorts in St. Moritz, Switzerland, he was taught by Bernard Adams. Theresa Weld Blanchard and Nathaniel Niles first saw him skate in 1920 when they visited Manchester after the Summer Olympics in Antwerp. "Even at this time he seemed most ambitious and showed much promise," they recalled seven years later.

Jack won the British title in 1922 on his first try, defeating his Manchester training mate Ethel Muckelt. The following year, he defended his title and teamed up with Ethel to take the pairs crown. In the years that followed, Jack became an NSA Gold Medallist and won an astonishing total of eleven British men's titles and nine consecutive British pairs titles with Ethel.

Ethel Muckelt and Jack Page. Photo courtesy Bibliothèque nationale de France.

Jack's only loss in ten years of competing at the British Championships came in 1933, when he and Ethel lost the British pairs crown to Mollie Phillips and Rodney Murdoch. Even to this day, no other man or pairs team has matched Jack's records in singles and pairs at the British Championships.



A. Proctor Burman, Kathleen Lovett, Kathleen Shaw, Ethel Muckelt and Jack Page in 1928

Internationally, Jack's record was equally as impressive. He won the first international competition he entered, the men's senior non-championship class at the 1923 World Championships in Vienna, defeating eight other skaters from Austria, Germany Czechoslovakia and Finland. With Ethel, he claimed the silver medal in the pairs event at the 1924 World Championships in Manchester, and in 1926 he took the bronze medal in the men's event at the World Championships in Berlin. He placed in the top ten in both singles and pairs at both the 1924 and 1928 Winter Olympics and amassed top six finishes in singles or pairs in every European and World Championships he entered from 1924 to 1929. Along the way, he defeated an impressive roster of skaters, including Olympic Medallists Martin Stixrud, Georges Gautschi, Bud Wilson, Sherwin Badger and Robert van Zeebroeck. In 1930, Herbert Ramon Yglesias remarked, "Mr. J.F. Page, not only by his actual victories but in his placings above many good Continental skaters, has carried English skating a real step forward. He has set a standard that will need much effort to keep up." Others were not so kind in their analysis of Jack's skating. In a review of the 1928 Winter Olympics penned for "Skating" magazine, Joel B. Liberman noted his strong figures, spread eagle and dance steps but criticized the "complete absence of spins and a scarcity of jumps."


Some felt Jack was robbed at the 1927 World Championships in Davos. T.D. Richardson recalled, "He was an extremely fine school figure-skater, but he had absolutely no musical ear at all - the sort of man who has to be told to stand up when the National Anthem is being played. While this was undoubtedly a great handicap he was, on the whole, badly treated by Continental and World judges. I had him first on my card at Davos in 1927, when he was the only skater who did not fall at least once. Most of them, including the winner, were tumbling about in the high wind and driving snow. But nothing could disturb Jack Page, and as Böckl the winner himself said afterwards: 'If ever anyone deserved the title Jack did so on that occasion'."


At the 1928 World Championships in London, Jack skated before King George V and Queen Mary of Teck. After the competition, a group of skaters were invited to the Royal Box to be presented to Their Majesties. The King congratulated Jack and asked him how long he had been skating. When he told the King he'd only started after the War, the King expressed surprise and said thoughtfully, "That is very wonderful." At those same World Championships, Jack joined forces with three of the world's top skaters - Sonja Henie, Maribel Vinson and Willy Böckl - to demonstrate fours skating to the enthusiastic British crowd.


Top: Mr. G. Fuerst, Nancy Beard, Thomas Harris, Mrs. Maurice Harris and Jack Page at the Park Lane Hallowe'en Ice Carnival in 1929. Bottom: Jack Page, Lady Maude Hoare and Mrs. Slesinger at the Park Lane Hallowe'en Ice Carnival in 1929. Jack won best men's costume!

By the time Jack and Ethel retired from competition in 1933, they had already made a lasting impression on future generations of British skaters. Rosemarie Stewart recalled, "We last saw [Muckelt and Page] skate in England in 1932 at the Imperial Ice Club Purley. Their excellent program consisted almost entirely of spirals, dance steps, and field figures, with only one or two simple jumps, such as the flying-three, and about two spins. Nevertheless, their program was very successful. From watching them, incidentally, Robert Dench learned how to put together a program."


In his book "Our Skating Heritage", historian Dennis Bird recalled, "He had a sense of humour... He evidently had a low opinion of the judging in championships, and after winning his last British title he sent a letter to the 'Skating Times' pointing out that the judges did not notice that he skated one figure twice on the left foot, instead of once on each foot as required by the rules. 'I think,' he wrote, 'This is the first time I have won a Figure Skating Championship and have been marked for a figure which I did not skate.'"


In June of 1932, Jack married fellow skater Leonie Wilson at Christchurch, Denton. Following in the footsteps of his father, he also became a stock broker, opening his own firm at St. Ann's Square called J. Ferguson Page and Company. He remained active within the National Skating Association by serving as a national and international judge. In 1937, he judged the pairs event at the World Championships. As of 1939, Jack and Leonie lived at Sunny Corner, Planetree Road, Hale, Cheshire.

Jack survived World War II but was found dead in his office of apparent coal gas poisoning in Manchester on Valentine's Day, 1947. He was forty-six years old. An inquest into his death resulted in "a verdict of suicide while the balance of his mind was disturbed." The February 18, 1947 issue of "The Guardian" reported, "Mrs. Leonie Page told the city coroner... that last November when she told her husband she contemplated divorce proceedings, he left the house. He had been to see her many times since, and on every occasion had begged for a reconciliation. When he told her he would take his life if she did not stop the divorce proceedings, she said it was a lot of nonsense and he would feel better after his holiday in Switzerland. When he returned however, he seemed to be of the same mind. His last call at the house was on the day of his death." The fortune he left his wife would be equivalent to over one and a half million dollars in today's currency.

Skate Guard is a blog dedicated to preserving the rich, colourful and fascinating history of figure skating. Over ten years, the blog has featured over a thousand free articles covering all aspects of the sport's history, as well as four compelling in-depth features. To read the latest articles, follow the blog on FacebookTwitterPinterest and YouTube. If you enjoy Skate Guard, please show your support for this archive by ordering a copy of "Jackson Haines: The Skating King" and pre-ordering "Sequins, Scandals & Salchows: Figure Skating in the 1980s", which will be released this fall where books are sold: https://skateguard1.blogspot.com/p/buy-book.html.

The 1966 U.S. Figure Skating Championships

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Photo courtesy Ingrid Hunnewell

Simon and Garfunkel's "The Sound Of Silence" topped the music charts, Adam West and Burt Ward made their television debut as Batman and Robin and President Lyndon Johnson gave his first State of the Union Address. These were the events that happened in the weeks leading up to the 1966 U.S. Figure Skating Championships, held at Iceland, the St. Moritz Ice Skating Club's rink, in Berkeley, California from January 26 to 29, 1966. Let's take a look back at all of the excitement!


Competition schedule. Photo courtesy "Skating" magazine.

THE NOVICE AND JUNIOR EVENTS


Left to right: Atoy Wilson, Barrett Brown and Gary Palmer and Jimmy Disbrow. Photos courtesy "Skating" magazine.

Torrey Sun of the Broadmoor Skating Club won the novice men's free skate, but hampered by poor scores in figures was unable to grab one of the top three spots. Atoy Wilson made history as the first skater of colour to claim a U.S. title, expanding on his lead in figures to win the event in a three-two split over Kenneth Shelley. The bronze medal went to Denver's Douglas Berndt. Benjamin T. Wright recalled, "Much of [Atoy Wilson's] success can be attributed to his mother, Thelma, a strong supporter of all skaters and especially those of colour, a loyal friend to those she chose to honor with her friendship and a 'pillar' of skating in Southern California, whose untimely death in 1994 was mourned by all who knew her."

Dawn Glab

Twelve-year-old Dawn Glab of Paramount, California moved up from second after figures to claim the novice women's title but had only one first-place ordinal. All three of the junior pairs medallists skated almost as impressively as the seniors, but the gold narrowly went to Betty Jean Lewis and Richard Gilbert of Boston.

Left: Dolly Rodenhaugh and Thomas Lescinski. Photo courtesy "Skating" magazine Right: Janet Lynn in 1966.

In Silver Dance, Dolly Rodenhaugh and Thomas Lescinski of Pittsburgh defeated Barrett Brown and Gary Palmer in a three-two split of the judging panel. Sixteen-year-old John 'Misha' Petkevich of Great Falls, Montana defeated Jimmy Disbrow in another three-two judging panel split in the junior men's event. Though he fell early in his program, his dazzling free skating effort earned him unanimous first-place marks in that phase of the competition, as well as a standing ovation.

The junior women's podium. Photo courtesy "Peace And Love" by Janet Lynn.

Gail Newberry of the Broadmoor Skating Club held a slim lead over Janet Lynn after the school figures, but she was no match for Slavka Kohout's student when it was time for free skating. Lynn's winning performance included Axels in both directions and a triple Salchow. In her book "Peace And Love", Lynn recalled, "In the press room, a sportswriter told me I'd just won the junior national championship. I couldn't believe it. I burst into tears. It was such a surprise, because I'd been in competition for so many years already and never won a sectional title, let alone nationals... A judge, who must not have been watching too closely, stopped my dad in a hallway to say, 'Nice triple Axel your daughter did out there.'"

THE PAIRS COMPETITION

The retirement of Vivian and Ronald Joseph meant that a new pair would be walking away with the Henry Wainwright Howe Memorial Trophy in 1966. Only three pairs vied for the title, and Seattle's Cynthia and Ron Kauffman, who were students of Ron Ludington, led the event from start to finish. The five judges were all in agreement on the order of placement of all three pairs. The silver went to Susie Berens and Roy Wagelein and the bronze to Paige Paulsen and Larry Dusich. "Skating" magazine described the Kauffmans winning free skate thusly: "These two presented free and athletic movement without sacrificing unison and control, grace and beauty without sacrificing strength and speed. During the beautiful 'mirror' sequence, the audience was absolutely silent, breaking into applause and cheers at the thrilling split double twist to the knee."

THE ICE DANCE COMPETITION

Defending champions Kristin Fortune and Dennis Sveum stood atop the leaderboard after the compulsory dances - the American Waltz, Argentine Tango, Viennese Waltz and Kilian. The large field of twelve couples was whittled down to eight after the competition's initial round. Though Lorna Dyer and John Carrell offered Fortune and Sveum some stiff competition, they were unable to catch up to them in the free dance. Both of the top two teams used four different tempos in their programs and were coached by World Champion Jean Westwood. The bronze medal went to Buffalo's Susan and Stanley Urban.

Sandy Schwomeyer packing for the 1966 U.S. Championships. Photo courtesy Judy Sladky.

A young Judy Schwomeyer and James Sladky placed sixth in their first trip to Nationals, two spots behind her sister Sandy and her partner James Pennington. Judy Sladky recalled, "'66 was our very first. We got together on December 6th after I'd passed all of my tests. Jim's partner quit and my partner quit. We had skated a little bit of pairs in the summer and we really skated well together we thought. At that time, you didn't leave your partner. That was like a divorce. You did not do that! I said to Luddy, 'I quit! If people are going to be like this, I don't want to do it.' He said, 'Well, why don't you get your Gold Dances?' so I went out and took all four of them on the same day and passed them. As far as I know, it hadn't been done and if it had, it was a while ago and it certainly wasn't done by a fourteen-year-old girl. I said, 'Well, Luddy, why don't we see if Jim's available.' That was December and Easterns I think were in December too. Jim was in the midst of finals at Syracuse University so he sent me the dress from his old partner and wrote down the free dance on paper and I learned it from paper. He flew out after his finals and we skated maybe a week, two weeks and entered Easterns then Nationals."

THE WOMEN'S COMPETITION


On the road to her third U.S. title, seventeen-year-old Peggy Fleming won every school figure, including the paragraph loop which had been something of a personal nemesis. Her winning free skate included two clean double Axels.

Photo courtesy Ingrid Hunnewell

Sixteen-year-old silver medallist Tina Noyes landed a double Axel of her own in the free skate, which was in combination with a double loop. She also performed a novel one-foot Axel/one-foot double Salchow/double Salchow sequence. Pamela Schneider of the Skating Club Of New York hung on to claim the bronze medal, despite losing out in the free skate to Sharon Bates of the host St. Moritz Club.

THE MEN'S COMPETITION

Smoke Rise, New Jersey's Scotty Allen earned first place ordinals from three of the five judges in the school figures. However, his lead over Gary Visconti, who'd unseated him as U.S. Champion and defeated him at the North American Championships the year prior, was tenuous at best. In the free skate, Visconti fell early in his program but rebounded to skate the rest of his program cautiously but cleanly. Allen skated one of the best performances of his career, landing a triple Salchow and triple loop in addition to a host of double jumps. Though Allen managed to regain his national title from Visconti, it wasn't a 'runaway win' as again had only three first-place ordinals. Detroit's Tim Wood, who had been third after figures, disappointingly fell three times in his free skate. His errors allowed Billy Chapel of Colorado Springs to move up to third. Though Chapel fell on a double Axel, his energetic performance - which was heavy on showmanship - won over the crowd and earned him a standing ovation. Paul McGrath finished fifth, followed by Duane Maki, Richard Callaghan and Ronnie Frank.

Photo courtesy Ingrid Hunnewell

In his book "Falling For The Win", Gary Visconti recalled the competition thusly: "I was on the five-minute warm-up, the last group of five top male competitors. It was the most dreaded part of any competition for me, with the judges watching and the fans cheering every major move of their favorite skater. I had drawn second to last to perform; Scott Allen achieved the coveted spot of last. I remember my name announced and gliding out slowly to my starting position. It was calm now and there was dead silence. I looked up at the clock on the scoreboard and it was 12 midnight. I thought, I wish it was 12:05, and I would be finished. What a way to think! Well, that’s just how my performance went. I did not complete three of my major tricks, and each time I missed I had more 'juice,' more 'pizzazz,' more smiles, and more performance ... more audience connection. Funny how we try to wing it and cover up under pressure. It was a great performance, but one with too many errors. Scott won. Guess I gave it to him. It was a super life lesson for me and just what I needed! Second place felt like 20th place."

Skate Guard is a blog dedicated to preserving the rich, colourful and fascinating history of figure skating. Over ten years, the blog has featured over a thousand free articles covering all aspects of the sport's history, as well as four compelling in-depth features. To read the latest articles, follow the blog on FacebookTwitterPinterest and YouTube. If you enjoy Skate Guard, please show your support for this archive by ordering a copy of "Jackson Haines: The Skating King" and pre-ordering "Sequins, Scandals & Salchows: Figure Skating in the 1980s", which will be released this fall where books are sold: https://skateguard1.blogspot.com/p/buy-book.html.

Slow And Steady: The Surprising Story Of Singapore's Skating Past


The Republic of Singapore, a sovereign city-state in Southeast Asia just one degree north of the Equator, is best known as a global financial hub. Its sensational skyscrapers and superb street food are as world-renowned as its Merlion and Marina Bay Sands resort. It was one of the last places I thought would have a rich skating history. Was I ever wrong! 

Unsurprisingly for a port city with a tropical climate, Singapore's first exposure to skating wasn't on ice, but on rollers. When Singapore was under British Colonial rule in the late Victorian era, The Elite Skating Rink opened across from the Ice Works at the foot of Foot Canning. An advertisement in the July 2, 1890 issue of the "Daily Advertiser" captured the excitement captured the excitement generated by the rink. It read, "Skating! Skating!! That most fashionable of all exercises, recommended by the medical faculty, indulged in by the nobility. Strongly recommended to ladies... As everybody knows, the prettiest place in Singapore is the Elite Skating Rink." Roller skating's popularity continued well past the time of the Great War.

During World War II, several figure skaters spent time in Singapore while in service with the military. 1937 Canadian Champion in junior men's skating Peter Chance was a Sub-Lieutenant with the Royal Navy when Japan bombed the city. Mr. John Nicks, a World Champion in pairs skating, was stationed there for a time too. 

In March of 1951, Singapore had its first exposure to figure skating, when the Scandinavian Ice Revue arrived to perform a charity show in aid of Singapore Boys' Town. The Revue had previously performed on tank ice in Scandinavia, Egypt, India and Hong Kong under the name Manhattan Ice Show. The cast included Winnie and Dennis Silverthorne and twelve-year-old Lydia Cloots, who joined the show in Cairo. The April 2, 1951 issue of "The Straits Times" raved, "A first-class show, it brings to Singapore a new kind of entertainment and the cast do everything on ice from badminton to cycling and from ballet to clowning. Inevitably it includes the Skaters' Waltz and the lovelies of the ballet, the international skating champions and the other members of the show really put it across. All of this is done on a stage frozen eight degrees below zero in a theatre where the temperature is around seventy eight degrees. And the result is amazing."


Holiday On Ice arrived in Singapore in April of 1954, installing ice at the Happy World Stadium amusement park. It wasn't an especially profitable venture for the tour, owing to a ticketing snafu. Four thousand members of the British Armed Forces and their families were offered discounted tickets, but far more than that number ended up showing up to see the show. Because the organizers agreed to give profits to the Armed Forces Welfare Association, Holiday On Ice didn't end up making a penny. In the years that followed, the tour returned and had considerably more success. 

Pat Gregory. Photo courtesy National Library Of Australia.

So did Tivoli star Pat Gregory and her husband-manager Hal Downey. The Australian couple put together a company of sixteen performers embarked on a six-week tour of Hong Kong, Thailand, Japan and Singapore. Pat's show "Ice Follies" played to standing-room-only crowds at a nightclub called Goodwood in the summer of 1967.

The Ice Palace in Jurong. Photo courtesy "Skating" magazine.

Singapore's first permanent ice rink, the Ice Palace, opened on August 10, 1974, on Yuan Ching Road in Jurong. It was installed as part of a nine-million-dollar recreational complex and open from eight in the morning until midnight on weekdays and until two in the morning on weekends. Over one hundred and sixty thousand people skated at the rink in the first two months it was open. The rink's director, Lim Yeow Yeck, offered reduced rates for "schoolchildren and housewives" and tried to schedule public skating sessions and learn-to-skate classes around them. 

The Ice Palace at Kallang Leisure Park opened a few months later on a site opposite the National Sports Stadium. This rink was managed by Thomas K.S. Tan. Tan also gave "first priority to school children" and arranged classes in figure skating and hockey. Soon after, the Lion City of Skating Club was founded. An article in the February 20, 1975 issue of "New Nation" stated, "The latest craze among Singaporeans trying to get away from the rat race atmosphere and to squeeze in a little fun and recreation is, undoubtedly, ice skating. It is hardly surprising that the local crowds are all converging on the two skating rinks. For one thing, there is a lack of recreational facilities for our over two million population. So any new outlet is more than welcome. For another, ice-skating is a very cooling sport. With the blazing sun for company almost all year round, it's a refreshing change to be at the ice-cold rink... Two problems, however, arise: Distances of the two rinks from the town centre and the high costs of learning to skate (both in terms of money and possible injuries)." The fear of "possible injuries" was something that the Singaporean press would not let go of. In the first year, the Jurong and Kallang Ice Palaces were open, dozens of articles showed in newspapers warning of the dangers of skating. One claimed that two hundred people were injured at these rinks every week - suffering everything from bumps and bruises to broken teeth and broken collarbones. These reporters might have come across as fear-mongering, but it's worth noting a later rink in Singapore made the unusual rule of requiring all skaters to wear gloves... but not helmets.

Figure skating exploded in the second year the Jurong and Kallang Ice Palaces were open. The President of the Lion City Skating Club, Dr. Dennis Hangchi, founded the Singapore Ice Skating Union and began communicating with American, Australian, Japanese and ISU officials about how to best set up the organization. The first skating competition in Singapore was held in January of 1975 at the Jurong rink. There was only one judge, an ISIA instructor named Nancy (Copeland) Ackerman. The winner was eight-year-old Sharon Tan, who had only been skating for five months. She went on to win become one of the country's top coaches in the nineties. 


Singapore's first National Championships (then referred to as the 'first nation-wide ice skating Championship') were held in September of 1976 at the Kallang under the patronage of Chan Chee Seng, Senior Parliamentary Secretary to Minister For Social Affairs. The National Skating Union of Japan sent six judges to help with the event, including 1954 Japanese Champion Kazuo Ohashi. There were competitions in five classes: men's, women's, ice dancing and student's boys and girls. Sharon Tan, the youngest of five competitors, won the girl's class. She received instruction from a visiting coach from Canada named Linda Sawyer. The boy's winner was fourteen-year-old Alfred Alphonso, who was taught by Nancy Ackerman. The women's champion was thirteen-year-old Terri Hangchi and the dance champions were Dorothy Lau and Raymond Cheah. Cheah didn't start skating until he was twenty-one and, like Tan, went on to become a top coach in the nineties. The winner of the men's event was a flamboyant thirty-year-old named San Nah, who worked as a costume designer at a local nightclub. His self-choreographed program included a flip, Lutz, Russian split jump and flying camel spin.

Nancy Ackerman's contributions to Singapore's skating roots are really worth mentioning. She gave talks about the sport at the public library and showed films of skating which served as important teaching tools for people who had never been exposed to the sport before. USFSA President Charles A. DeMore was part of a group of American officials and judges visited Singapore in 1977. In "Skating" magazine, he remarked, "Mrs. Ackerman has done much to spark enthusiasm and interest in figure skating in Singapore. She uses the ISIA Alpha-Beta-Gamma program to teach the basic, elementary skating skills. As the skaters become more proficient and master that program, she continues with the USFSA test structure, beginning with the Preliminary and First Tests. When we found out about her program, Mrs. Ackerman, Dr. Hangchi and Mrs. Core asked if some of our judges would judge some Singapore skaters who had been working on their Preliminary Test. We realized the difficulties in arranging a test session on such short notice but we promised to try and conduct a demonstration test session. We had eleven American judges and one Canadian judge ready at the rink the next day. We were greeted by Mr. Bobby Yeo, Executive Director and General Manager of Jurong Ice Skating Centre, who was very happy that our judges would conduct the tests. We were able to make three panels, each consisted of three judges and a judge-in-charge, and the test session was underway. The judges were: Margaret Bergland, Elaine DeMore, Margaretta [Spence] Drake, Wilma Dressel, Ethel Garwood, Gladys Hirsch, Fannie Howard, Virginia LeFevre, Fred LeFevre, Delly McDaniel, Tom Monypenny and Nancy Meiss."

Just as Singapore's figure skating future couldn't look brighter, it all came crashing down. The Jurong rink closed down suddenly in July of 1977 and when the National Championships were to be held for the first time under ISU rules in January of 1978, San Nah (by this time President of the King City Figure Skating Club) led a boycott of the competition because he was unhappy with the rules. He complained, "We will not be able to express ourselves freely and will be tied to certain compulsory manoeuvres." Nah wanted the judging panel to be all-Japanese, as it was in 1976. Due to a lack of participants, the Championships were cancelled. Just three months later, the Kallang rink closed its doors too. The closure of both rinks was a shock to the public, but things hadn't been rosy behind the scenes. Both rinks had high overhead costs, low revenue and constant issues with machinery and equipment. The Jurong rink had suffered a loss of thirty thousand dollars a month. Ultimately, the Jurong rink became a supermarket and the Kallang rink reverted to a roller rink, disco and then a food court, bowling alley and shopping area.

Left: Sharon Tan. Right: Raymond Cheah.

For a decade, figure skating in Singapore died completely out. At the time, inline skating was becoming trendy and many skaters from the Jurong and Kallang rinks navigated to other rinks that catered to 'iceless skating'. All that changed when the Fuji Ice Palace Rink opened on June 15, 1989, on the former site of the Rex Theatre at Mackenzie Road. This drew over a thousand people a day in its first months. 

Walt Disney's World On Ice performed at the rink in October of that year, starring World Champion Linda Fratianne. This rink also faced financial difficulties and closed in April of 1993.

Skaters at the Fuji Ice Palace

A new Fuji Ice Palace on the third floor of the Jurong Entertainment Centre opened shortly after and in 2001, the Kallang Leisure Park rink reopened after expensive refurbishments under the name Kallang Ice World. A new Singapore Ice Skating Association was formed in 2000 and the Skate Singapore competition was established. In 2001, the Tropical Blades Ice Skating Club was formed. The Junior Ice Skating Club and various University Skating Clubs followed, but things got tricky in 2008 when the Jurong Entertainment Centre was closed for redevelopment the same year the Singapore Ice Skating Association joined the ISU as a provisional member. They almost lost their status in 2010, because they'd promised the ISU they'd have an Olympic-sized rink in 2009. 

Singapore's first Olympic-sized-rink, JCube in Jurong East Mall, didn't open until April of 2012. In the meantime, Singapore's National Championships had to be held three hundred kilometers away in a different country - Malaysia.


The first skaters from Singapore to compete internationally were Sarah Paw Si Ying and Anja Chong, in the 2008 Junior Grand Prix Series events in South Africa, Mexico and Great Britain. Sarah Paw Si Ying was Singapore's first competitor at the Four Continents Championships in 2010. After winning Singapore's figure skating title and acting as the country's first competitor at the World Junior Championships in Bulgaria in 2009, Anja Chong represented Malaysia as a speed skater and won three gold medals at the 2017 Southeast Games in Kuala Lumpur. At those Games, Yu Shuran won Singapore's first international figure skating title. That same year, she was one of the country's first participants in the Asian Winter Games. She placed an impressive sixth in a field of twenty-four. Behind the scenes, things weren't at all rosy. In 2020, Shuran opened up in an Instagram post about the physical abuse she suffered while training in China. She was beaten with a skate guard, kicked by her coach's toe pick and hauled out of a car in a secluded area and beaten as a punishment for a poor training session. The horrific treatment Shuran endured enacted change. Singaporean officials and the Safe Sport Taskforce are working hard to enhance safety protocols for athletes training both home and abroad.



Though the ISU's tiresome policy of TES minimum scores has had an unsurprisingly negative effect on 'developing skating nations' like Singapore, there is much hope for the future. There are talented skaters living abroad competing internationally and many rising stars at home. It's hard to say what the country's skating future will look like, but Singapore's slow and steady approach to development may just pay off like it did for the tortoise.

Skate Guard is a blog dedicated to preserving the rich, colourful and fascinating history of figure skating. Over ten years, the blog has featured over a thousand free articles covering all aspects of the sport's history, as well as four compelling in-depth features. To read the latest articles, follow the blog on FacebookTwitterPinterest and YouTube. If you enjoy Skate Guard, please show your support for this archive by ordering a copy of "Jackson Haines: The Skating King" and pre-ordering "Sequins, Scandals & Salchows: Figure Skating in the 1980s", which will be released this fall where books are sold: https://skateguard1.blogspot.com/p/buy-book.html.

The Union Skating Association Of East Brooklyn


The year 1861 was a pivotal one for the American people. Abraham Lincoln took office as the country's sixteenth President and the Civil War began with the bombardment of Fort Sumter. However, on Christmas Day of that year in Brooklyn, the din of the world was forgotten for a few hours in Brooklyn when the Union Skating Association Of East Brooklyn opened its lavish skating pond for business.

Located on the corner of Marcy and Rutledge Avenues, the five-acre, members-only skating pond was founded by Jeremiah Johnson. Would-be skaters were required to bring "satisfactory references" and spaces were limited. Skating tickets cost men over sixteen years of age three dollars and women and children one dollar and sixty cents. To put things in perspective, the average annual salary for many skilled workers that year was one hundred dollars if they were lucky, so three dollars for a day of skating was a tidy sum. These prices were set quite intentionally to keep out 'the riffraff" and maintain facilities that were for the time quite lavish.

Under the management of Eugene M. Cammeyer, who took over the club's presidency from Johnson in 1862, the Union Skating Skating Association Of East Brooklyn's pond boasted an on-ice pagoda, a lounge for women who did not skate, houses for the pond's staff and storage, a refreshment saloon, a stable for horses, cloakrooms and a building which rented skates for ten cents an hour. Police monitored the facilities, which were enclosed by a high wooden fence, to make sure no 'undesirables' managed to sneak their way in and disrupt the skating of the well-to-do members. Cammeyer purchased special planes to ensure the ice was always in pristine condition. The December 9, 1883 issue of "Truth" noted that he kept his ice "as smooth as glass and in the very best of order by constant attention, day and night." He later invested in a steam-powered condenser which allowed him to "strengthen the ice with blasts". The ice was illuminated by lanterns at night and there were nightly firework displays. However, the real novelty of the club was its "Strephilation". The December 5, 1862 issue of "The New York Times" described this musical contraption which accompanied skaters as "an instrument on the same plan as a calliope, and is played in the same way, by steam. It has thirty-five keys, and is pronounced to be a very fine instrument."

Etching of the Union Skating Association Of East Brooklyn's 1862 carnival

To the sound of the "Strephilation" on February 10, 1862, the club's members took part in what Irving Brokaw later claimed to be the very first skating carnival in the New York area. Contemporary sources have claimed that an estimated twelve thousand people flocked to the event by horse-drawn trolley cars, making it perhaps the largest participant skating history in American history. This carnival soon became an annual affair, and by February 1902, when the club's high fences and exclusivity had long given way to the masses, over eight thousand spectators crowded the pond to participate in or watch the grand four-hour long affair by the light of the moon and fifty lanterns. Dressed as Yankees, Italian bandits and Spanish cabarellos, the people of Brooklyn rejoiced in the magic of skating. The February 4, 1902 issue of "The New York Herald" noted, "Polkas, schottisches, etc. were gone through with on skates with an agility and ease wonderful to those who were not adept with the healthful art. The ladies appeared to enjoy the sport to their hearts' content, and their merry laughs were continually heard ringing over the pond as their fair companions, unsophisticated in the gliding process, came to the ice and were lifted gallantly therefrom by their gay cavaliers. The fun and frolic were kept up to a late hour, after which the Union Skating Club gave a supper to a few invited guests."

However, things weren't always rosy behind the scenes at the Union Skating Association Of East Brooklyn. The financial success of the club prompted other local skating ponds to up their game with better facilities and ice conditions. Facing stiff competition from Hugh Mitchell and Alexander MacMillan's pond at 59th Street and Fifth Avenue and the old Beekman Pond in Central Park, the Union Skating Association Of East Brooklyn lost many members over the years. In March 1874, Cammeyer ended up filing for bankruptcy and found himself in some legal hot water over a fraudulent mortgage of some sort. I don't speak legalese mumbo jumbo, but give it a Google if you like. It doesn't sound too pretty.

On February 12, 1879, hundreds of masked and costumed skaters took to the ice at Madison Square Garden for a skating carnival that may not have overshadowed the Union Skating Association Of East Brooklyn's 1862 carnival in numbers but certainly eclipsed the previous effort in novelty... for it was the first ice carnival staged in America on artificial ice. Accompanied by Gilmore's Serenade Band, members of New York and Empire Skating Club issued a joint statement paying tribute to Thomas I. Rankin for "Creating this, the first large sheet of artificial ice ever made by man and maintained in a  temperature above freezing." By the first decade of the twentieth century, the St. Nicholas Rink at 66th Street and Ninth Avenue had firmly established itself as the go-to skating spot in the New York area and the days of exclusivity at the Union Skating Pond were but a dated memory. Although the Union Skating Association Of East Brooklyn started with a bang during the first year of the Civil War, it ultimately lost the battle.

Skate Guard is a blog dedicated to preserving the rich, colourful and fascinating history of figure skating. Over ten years, the blog has featured over a thousand free articles covering all aspects of the sport's history, as well as four compelling in-depth features. To read the latest articles, follow the blog on FacebookTwitterPinterest and YouTube. If you enjoy Skate Guard, please show your support for this archive by ordering a copy of "Jackson Haines: The Skating King" and pre-ordering "Sequins, Scandals & Salchows: Figure Skating in the 1980s", which will be released this fall where books are sold: https://skateguard1.blogspot.com/p/buy-book.html.

The First Skaters From Each State To Compete At The U.S. Figure Skating Championships

Over the decades, history has been made countless times at the U.S. Figure Skating Championships. From record-breaking scores to technical and artistic innovations, this prestigious competition has played host to it all. Today on the blog, we recognize dozens of skaters who made some very special history of their own, as the first competitors to represent their state at the competition.

A couple of caveats to this list of history makers:

Skaters listed are the first to represent a skating club from their state at the U.S. Championships, not necessarily the first skaters from that state to compete. There are certainly many examples of skaters who were born/lived in one state and represented a skating club in another. These records were sourced from over a hundred years of data from newspaper archives, back issues of "Skating" magazine and online sources. If you notice any errors or omissions, please reach out with a primary source listing the skater, the year(s) they competed at the U.S. Championships and the club they represented and I'll be happy to correct it.

Mabel Thorns, the first skater from California to compete at the U.S. Figure Skating Championships. Photo courtesy Yosemite National Park Archives.

State

Skater(s)

Year

Skating Club

Alabama

Donita Roal and Charles Bernhard IV

1993

Huntsville Figure Skating Club

Alaska

Danny Clausen

1991

Anchorage Figure Skating Club

Arizona

Michelle Ford and Glenn Parriott

1972

Skating Club of Phoenix

Arkansas

Pooja Kalyan

2013

Ozark Figure Skating Club

California

Mabel Thorns

1935

Los Angeles Figure Skating Club

Colorado

Patricia Vaeth and Jack Might

1941

Pikes Peak Figure Skating Club

Connecticut

Juliet (Stanton Adee) Townshend

1914

New Haven Skating Club

Delaware

Donald Bachlott

1968

Skating Club of Wilmington

District of Columbia

Dorothy Snell

1940

Washington Figure Skating Club

Florida

Tiffany Bailey and Bill Brennan

1989

Skating Club of Florida

Georgia

Leslie Sikes

1979

Atlanta Figure Skating Club

Hawaii

Alyssa M. Takatsuki and Jonathan Ige

2001

Hawaii Figure Skating Club

Idaho

Karen Howland

1959

Sun Valley Figure Skating Club

Illinois

Charles A. McCarthy

1921

Figure Skating Club of Chicago

Indiana

John E. Allen

1957

Winter Club of Indianapolis

Iowa

Vivian Hayes and Bo Bergeson

1957

Sioux City Figure Skating Club

Kansas

Brent Reynolds

1981

Kansas City Figure Skating Club

Kentucky

Barret Brown

1964

Louisville Figure Skating Club

Louisiana

N/A

N/A

N/A

Maine

Curt Croxford

1967

Skating Club of Brunswick

Maryland

Mary Natwick

1935

The Ice Club, Baltimore

Massachusetts

Nathaniel Niles, Theresa Weld Blanchard, Edith Eliot Rotch, Dr. Kingsley Field, A.W. Atkinson, L.W. Howland, Edward M. Howland, Miss Crocker, Mourtney Crocker, Miss M. Curtis, E.W. Taylor

1914

Skating Club of Boston

Michigan

Herbert E. Cook

1933

Olympia Skating Club

Minnesota

Chris I. Christensen, C.J. Cruikshank

1921

St. Paul Figure Skating Club

Mississippi

N/A

N/A

N/A

Missouri

Virginia Bucher

1937

Kansas City Skating Club

Montana

Mary Lou Raymond and Jack Nankervis

1958

Butte Figure Skating Club

Nebraska

Jack Flom

1947

Figure Skating Club of Omaha

Nevada

Casey Link

1989

Las Vegas Figure Skating Club

New Hampshire

Diana Georgeou

1979

Southern New Hampshire Skating Club

New Jersey

Mabel MacPherson, Marlene M.B. Fegley, Doris Gumprich

1941

Atlantic City Figure Skating Club, Figure Skating Club of Northern New Jersey

New Mexico

Everett Weiss

1992

Albuquerque Figure Skating Club

New York

Lucile and Irving Brokaw, Vincent Winn, Miss Palliser and Mr. L. Josephs

1914

Skating Club of New York

North Carolina

Pam and Jeff Warters

1985

Eastland Mall Ice Skating Club

North Dakota

Enola and Ray Schramm

1939

Fargo Winter Club

Ohio

Paul Pavliska

1938

Elysium Figure Skating Club, Cleveland

Oklahoma

Jeanne Leroux

1944

Tulsa Figure Skating Club

Oregon

Gloria Jeske and Edward G. Worth

1947

Eugene Figure Skating Club

Pennsylvania

Joseph Chapman, Oliver P. Tatum, Curtis L. Clay, Carl Borndie

1921

Philadelphia Skating Club and Humane Society, Pittsburgh Skating Club

Rhode Island

Mr. and Mrs. Kennison T. Bosquet

1941

East Side Skating Club of Providence

South Carolina

Carly Berrios

2014

Greenville Figure Skating Club

South Dakota

N/A

N/A

N/A

Tennessee

Jamie-Maria Sharpe and David Walker

1990

Figure Skating Club of Memphis

Texas

Sully Kothmann

1952

Dallas Figure Skating Club

Utah

Vickie Carr and Paul Tassone

1973

Wasatch Figure Skating Club

Vermont

Edmund Darey Nesti

1992

Champlain Valley Skating Club

Virginia

Darin Hosier

1984

Skating Club of Northern Virginia

Washington

Britta Lundequist, Betty Lee Bennett, Dorothy and Ralph Beymer

1939

Seattle Skating Club

West Virginia

Tim Zink

1971

Charleston Figure Skating Club

Wisconsin

Carol Jean Smith

1939

Superior Figure Skating Club

Wyoming

Nathaniel Hess

2003

Jackson Hole Figure Skating Club


Alyssa M. Takatsuki and Jonathan Ige, the first skaters from Hawaii to compete at the U.S. Figure Skating Championships

To approach the same data in a different way, here are the decades in which each state was first represented.


Decade

Skates First Represented

1910s

Connecticut, Massachusetts, New York

1920s

Illinois, Minnesota, Pennsylvania

1930s

California, Maryland, Michigan, Missouri, North Dakota, Ohio, Washington, Wisconsin

1940s

Colorado, District of Columbia, Nebraska, New Jersey, Oklahoma, Oregon, Rhode Island

1950s

Idaho, Indiana, Iowa, Montana, Texas

1960s

Delaware, Kentucky, Maine

1970s

Arizona, Georgia, New Hampshire, Utah, West Virginia

1980s

Florida, Kansas, Nevada, North Carolina, Virginia

1990s

Alabama, Alaska, New Mexico, Tennessee, Vermont

2000s

Hawaii, Wyoming

2010s

Arkansas, South Carolina

Unrepresented as of 2024

Louisiana, Mississippi, South Dakota

Skate Guard is a blog dedicated to preserving the rich, colourful and fascinating history of figure skating. Over ten years, the blog has featured over a thousand free articles covering all aspects of the sport's history, as well as four compelling in-depth features. To read the latest articles, follow the blog on FacebookTwitterPinterest and YouTube. If you enjoy Skate Guard, please show your support for this archive by ordering a copy of "Jackson Haines: The Skating King" and pre-ordering "Sequins, Scandals & Salchows: Figure Skating in the 1980s", which will be released this fall where books are sold: https://skateguard1.blogspot.com/p/buy-book.html.

The 1939 World Figure Skating Championships

Photo courtesy Fortepan

Historically significant as the final major ISU Championship staged in Europe before a seven-year cancellation of the European and World Championships due to World War II, the 1939 World Figure Skating Championships marked the end of one era. The world's top women competed in Prague, Czechoslovakia on February 11 and 12, 1939 while the men and pairs vied for titles from February 17 to 19, 1939 at the Városligeti Műjégpálya in Budapest, Hungary.

British judge Herbert J. Clarke in 1939. Photo courtesy National Archives of Poland.
Daphne Walker recalled, "It was crowded [in Prague] with refugees from Austria and Sudetenland. There is an old part which is very interesting. A church is built on top of a very old church which has sunk into the ground." As Austria had been annexed into Germany less than a year prior, many top Viennese skaters, including Ilse and Erik Pausin, Edi Rada and Emmy Puzinger represented Nazi Germany. Further complicating matters, another former Austrian skater, Herbert Alward, represented Hungary and Hedy Stenuf represented the United States. 

Let's hop into the time machine and learn a little more about this historically important event!

Program for the women's event in Prague

THE WOMEN'S COMPETITION

:Left: Daphne Walker in Prague. Photo courtesy National Archives of Poland. Right: Megan Taylor in Prague.

Before leaving for Prague, Megan Taylor gave an exhibition at the Empire Pool at Wembley in London during the intermission of a hockey game. A.C.A. Wade recalled, "Afterwards, in Mr. David's (the Press Manager) office, Megan, who was carrying a magnificent bouquet of red carnations, was surrounded by a group of admirers and pressmen. Asked what she thought of her chances of winning the World title, Megan was modest and refused to prophesy. When I wished her success, she rewarded me with a buttonhole of carnations, and I jocularly remarked: 'Now, this will be sure to bring you luck, Megan, so go ahead and win. We are all backing you.'" Cecilia Colledge joined Taylor on the long trek to Prague but, suffering from an inflamed Achilles tendon, was forced to withdraw before the competition started. Hedy Stenuf opted to continue, despite being quite sick, but Hanne Niernberger and Angela Anderes caught the flu and didn't compete.


Fifteen women vied for the title in Prague. As expected, Megan Taylor unanimously won the school figures, but four different women had second-place ordinals. The British and Swiss judges voted for Daphne Walker, the German for Lydia Veicht, the Czechoslovakian judge for Eva Nyklova and the French judge for Hedy Stenuf... who had previously represented France. These displays of nationalistic judging were so commonplace in the thirties that few even batted an eyelash. Four of the five judges had Taylor first in the free skate. The exception was the Swiss judge, who had Walker in first and Taylor second. Again, the German, Czechoslovakian and French judges bolstered 'their own' skaters. By a comfortable margin, Taylor defended her World title ahead of Stenuf, Walker, Veicht and Nyklova. Nazi Germany's three entries - Emmy Puzinger, Marta Musilek and Anita Wägeler - were cheered on by ten thousand spectators, among them NSDAP politician turned Sturmabteilung (SA) leader Thomas Kozich.

THE PAIRS COMPETITION


Top: Ilse and Erik Pausin in Budapest. Photo courtesy National Archives of Poland. Bottom: Maxi Herber and Ernst Baier. Photo courtesy Julia C. Schulze.

Unfortunately, the Nazi flag flew high at the Városligeti Műjégpálya in Budapest as Maxi Herber and Ernst Baier, Ilse and Erik Pausin and Inge Koch and Günther Noack swept the podium in the pairs competition, making up for a poor showing by the nation's three entries in the women's competition.

Inge Koch and Günther Noack. Photo courtesy National Archives of Poland.

It was the first and (to date) only time that three pairs representing Germany snatched all three medals in the discipline at the World Championships. Like the cheese, the Yugoslavian judge stood alone in placing the Pausins ahead of their longtime rivals, Maxi Herber and Ernst Baier. All six other judges had the siblings in second place.


Disappointingly, Hungarian siblings Piroska and Attila Szekrényessy finished just off the podium in fourth at the World Championships for the third time... this time in their home country by only eight ordinal placings.

Maxi Herber and Ernst Baier

THE MEN'S COMPETITION

Henry Graham Sharp in Budapest. Photo courtesy National Archives of Poland.

Without a single non-European entry, the men's event in Budapest was very much a rematch of Henry Graham Sharp, Freddie Tomlins and Horst Faber, the medallists from the 1939 European Championships in Davos. Four judges had twenty-one-year-old Sharp of Bournemouth first in the school figures, and he took the lead with 216.6 points. However, the German judge had Faber first, Sharp second and Tomlins sixth.

Freddie Tomlins. Photo courtesy National Archives of Poland.

The free skate was decisively won by Tomlins, with Sharp second, Faber third and Edi Rada fourth. The final result was so close that Sharp announced, "You've won it, Freddie!" to his friendly rival. Later on, Sharp learned that he was in fact the winner. Faber took the bronze and Rada finished fourth. Though Elemér Terták had fewer ordinal placings, Herbert Alward's higher point total earned him fifth place. Sharp's victory was the UK's first win ever in the men's event... a feat that wasn't duplicated until John Curry struck gold in 1976.


Henry Graham Sharp later recalled how he and Freddie Tomlins went souvenir shopping in Budapest prior to the free skate: "We found a tea-shop and stuffed ourselves with cream cakes. After this we had quite a number of pints of lager... I think it must have been all for the best because actually the nervous strain of many months of training was beginning to tell on us, and this break-out acted as a sort of tonic." 

Skate Guard is a blog dedicated to preserving the rich, colourful and fascinating history of figure skating. Over ten years, the blog has featured over a thousand free articles covering all aspects of the sport's history, as well as four compelling in-depth features. To read the latest articles, follow the blog on FacebookTwitterPinterest and YouTube. If you enjoy Skate Guard, please show your support for this archive by ordering a copy of the figure skating reference books "The Almanac of Canadian Figure Skating", "Technical Merit: A History of Figure Skating Jumps" and "A Bibliography of Figure Skating": https://skateguard1.blogspot.com/p/buy-book.html.