Want to learn more about figure skating history? You are in the right place!

Created in 2013, Skate Guard is a blog that focuses on overlooked and underappreciated areas of the history of figure skating, whether that means a topic completely unknown to most readers or a new look at a well-known skater, time period, or event. There's plenty to explore, so pour yourself a cup of coffee and get lost in the fascinating and fabulous history of everyone's favourite winter sport!

The 6.0 System: Value Of Each Section of Competitions

Compulsory dances and school figures may be a thing of the past in ISU Championships, but in skating's glory days, they played a crucial role in deciding who came out on top. 

Compiled from old rulebooks, magazines and judging manuals, the below data highlights how the scoring system evolved and changed over the course of over a century, under the 6.0 system.

SINGLES FIGURE SKATING

Abbreviations used: CF (Compulsory Figures), FS (Free Skating), OP (Original Program), SP (Short Program), TP (Technical Program), QR (Qualifying Round)


Year

QR

CF

SP/TP/OP

FS

Number of Figures

Notes

1896

N/A

60-67%*

N/A

33-40%*

12 (6 figures skated on each foot)

See note below table

1897

N/A

60-67%*

N/A

33-40%*

12 (6 figures skated on each foot)

See note below table

1898

N/A

60-67%*

N/A

33-40%*

12 (6 figures skated on each foot)

See note below table

1899

N/A

60-67%*

N/A

33-40%*

12 (6 figures skated on each foot)

See note below table

1900

N/A

60-67%*

N/A

33-40%*

12 (6 figures skated on each foot)

See note below table

1901

N/A

60-67%*

N/A

33-40%*

12 (6 figures skated on each foot)

See note below table

1902

N/A

60-67%*

N/A

33-40%*

12 (6 figures skated on each foot)

See note below table

1903

N/A

60-67%*

N/A

33-40%*

12 (6 figures skated on each foot)

See note below table

1904

N/A

60-67%*

N/A

33-40%*

12 (6 figures skated on each foot)

See note below table

1905

N/A

60-67%*

N/A

33-40%*

12 (6 figures skated on each foot)

See note below table

1906

N/A

60-67%*

N/A

33-40%*

12 (6 figures skated on each foot)

See note below table

1907

N/A

60-67%*

N/A

33-40%*

12 (6 figures skated on each foot)

See note below table

1908

N/A

60-67%*

N/A

33-40%*

12 (6 figures skated on each foot)

See note below table

1909

N/A

60-67%*

N/A

33-40%*

12 (6 figures skated on each foot)

See note below table

1910

N/A

60-67%*

N/A

33-40%*

12 (6 figures skated on each foot)

See note below table

1911

N/A

60-67%*

N/A

33-40%*

12 (6 figures skated on each foot)

See note below table

1912

N/A

60-67%*

N/A

33-40%*

12 (6 figures skated on each foot)

See note below table

1913

N/A

60-67%*

N/A

33-40%*

12 (6 figures skated on each foot)

At 1913 ISU Congress, Norwegian Federation motioned that figures & free skating should be worth the same. Voted down 10-2.

1914

N/A

60-67%*

N/A

33-40%*

12 (6 figures skated on each foot)

See note below table

1922

N/A

60-67%*

N/A

33-40%*

12 (6 figures skated on each foot)

See note below table

1923

N/A

61.11%

N/A

38.89%

12 (6 figures skated on each foot)

Based on a maximum rating of 432 points – 264 for school figures and 168 for free skating, by a factor of 14

1924

N/A

60-67%*

N/A

33-40%*

12 (6 figures skated on each foot)

See note below table

1925

N/A

60-67%*

N/A

33-40%*

12 (6 figures skated on each foot)

See note below table

1926

N/A

60-67%*

N/A

33-40%*

12 (6 figures skated on each foot)

See note below table

1927

N/A

60-67%*

N/A

33-40%*

12 (6 figures skated on each foot)

See note below table

1928

N/A

60-67%*

N/A

33-40%*

12 (6 figures skated on each foot)

See note below table

1929

N/A

60-67%*

N/A

33-40%*

12 (6 figures skated on each foot)

See note below table

1930

N/A

60-67%*

N/A

33-40%*

12 (6 figures skated on each foot)

See note below table

1931

N/A

60-67%*

N/A

33-40%*

12 (6 figures skated on each foot)

See note below table

1932

N/A

60-67%*

N/A

33-40%*

12 (6 figures skated on each foot)

See note below table

1933

N/A

60-67%*

N/A

33-40%*

12 (6 figures skated on each foot)

See note below table

1934

N/A

60-67%*

N/A

33-40%*

12 (6 figures skated on each foot)

See note below table

1935

N/A

60-67%*

N/A

33-40%*

12 (6 figures skated on each foot)

See note below table

1936

N/A

60-67%*

N/A

33-40%*

12 (6 figures skated on each foot)

See note below table

1937

N/A

60-67%*

N/A

33-40%*

12 (6 figures skated on each foot)

See note below table

1938

N/A

60-67%*

N/A

33-40%*

12 (6 figures skated on each foot)

See note below table

1939

N/A

60-67%*

N/A

33-40%*

12 (6 figures skated on each foot)

See note below table

1947


60.00%

N/A

40.00%

12 (6 figures skated on each foot)


1948


60.00%

N/A

40.00%

6


1949


60.00%

N/A

40.00%

6


1950


60.00%

N/A

40.00%

6


1951


60.00%

N/A

40.00%

6


1952


60.00%

N/A

40.00%

6


1953


60.00%

N/A

40.00%

6

Proposal to make figures & free skating both worth 50% shot down at ISU Congress

1954


60.00%

N/A

40.00%

6


1955


60.00%

N/A

40.00%

6


1956


60.00%

N/A

40.00%

6


1957


60.00%

N/A

40.00%

6


1958


60.00%

N/A

40.00%

6


1959


60.00%

N/A

40.00%

6


1960


60.00%

N/A

40.00%

6


1961


60.00%

N/A

40.00%

6


1962


60.00%

N/A

40.00%

6


1963


60.00%

N/A

40.00%

6


1964


60.00%

N/A

40.00%

6


1965


60.00%

N/A

40.00%

6

Proposal to make figures and free skating equal in value got a vote in favour at ISU Congress, but didn't meet 2/3 majority so didn't pass

1966


60.00%

N/A

40.00%

6


1967


60.00%

N/A

40.00%

6


1968


60.00%

N/A

40.00%

6


1969


50.00%

N/A

50.00%

6

First year figures and free skating were equal in value at World Championships

1970


50.00%

N/A

50.00%

6


1971


50.00%

N/A

50.00%

6


1972


50.00%

N/A

50.00%

6


1973


40.00%

20.00%

40.00%

3

After first season SP was included in singles events, “various proposals to increase to four the number of compulsory figures skated in ISU Championships were defeated” at ISU Congress.

1974


40.00%

20.00%

40.00%

3


1975


40.00%

20.00%

40.00%

3


1976


30.00%

20.00%

50.00%

3


1977


30.00%

20.00%

50.00%

3


1978


30.00%

20.00%

50.00%

3


1979


30.00%

20.00%

50.00%

3


1980


30.00%

20.00%

50.00%

3


1981


30.00%

20.00%

50.00%

3


1982


30.00%

20.00%

50.00%

3


1983


30.00%

20.00%

50.00%

3


1984


30.00%

20.00%

50.00%

3


1985


30.00%

20.00%

50.00%

3


1986


30.00%

20.00%

50.00%

3


1987


30.00%

20.00%

50.00%

3


1988


30.00%

20.00%

50.00%

3


1989


20.00%

30.00%

50.00%

2

First year of original program with one set of requirements, previously short program elements had been drawn from 4 different groups

1990


20.00%

30.00%

50.00%

2


1991


N/A

33.30%

66.70%

0


1992


N/A

33.30%

66.70%

0


1993

Did not count (qualifying purposes only)

N/A

33.30%

66.70%

0


1994

Did not count (qualifying purposes only)

N/A

33.30%

66.70%

0


1995

Did not count (qualifying purposes only)

N/A

33.30%

66.70%

0


1996

Did not count (qualifying purposes only)

N/A

33.30%

66.70%

0


1997

Did not count (qualifying purposes only)

N/A

33.30%

66.70%

0


1998

Did not count (qualifying purposes only)

N/A

33.30%

66.70%

0


1999

20.00%

N/A

30.00%

50.00%

0


2000

20.00%

N/A

30.00%

50.00%

0


2001

20.00%

N/A

30.00%

50.00%

0


2002

20.00%

N/A

30.00%

50.00%

0


2003

20.00%

N/A

30.00%

50.00%

0


2004

20.00%

N/A

30.00%

50.00%

0


*Modern histories of the sport note that compulsory figures were worth 60% and free skating was worth 40% during this period. In reality, this was not a uniform standard until after World War II. At the 1897 World Championships, figures were worth 67% and free skating 33%. The figure skating events at the 1908 Summer Olympics were based on a maximum rating of 276 points – 168 for school figures and 108 for free skating, by a factor of 9, with figures worth 60.87% and free skating 39.13%. At the 1923 World Championships, scoring was based on a maximum rating of 432 points – 264 for school figures and 168 for free skating, by a factor of 14. Figures were worth 61.11% and free skating 38.89%. These inconsistencies can be attributed to the fact that the national skating associations that hosted the ISU Championships played a major role in organizing judging and scorecards in skating's early days.

PAIRS SKATING

Abbreviations used: CCP (Compulsory Connected Program), FS (Free Skating), OP (Original Program), SP (Short Program), TP (Technical Program)


Year

CCP/SP/OP/

TP

FS

Notes

1901

N

100.00%

First year pairs competitions were included at World Championships, though it was not considered an official competition for a World title. There were 2 pairs events – 1 for a man and a woman and 1 for 2 men

1902

N

100.00%


1903

N

100.00%


1904

N

100.00%


1905

N

100.00%


1906

N

100.00%


1907

N

100.00%


1908

N

100.00%

First officially recognized World Championships for pairs, though pairs competitions were held at Worlds every year from 1901-1907

1909

N

100.00%


1910

N

100.00%


1911

N

100.00%


1912

N

100.00%


1913

N

100.00%


1914

N

100.00%


1922

N

100.00%


1923

N

100.00%


1924

N

100.00%


1925

N

100.00%


1926

N

100.00%


1927

N

100.00%


1928

N

100.00%


1929

N

100.00%


1930

N

100.00%


1931

N

100.00%


1932

N

100.00%


1933

N

100.00%


1934

N

100.00%


1935

N

100.00%


1936

N

100.00%


1937

N

100.00%


1938

N

100.00%


1939

N

100.00%


1947

N

100.00%


1948

N

100.00%


1949

N

100.00%


1950

N

100.00%


1951

N

100.00%


1952

N

100.00%


1953

N

100.00%


1954

N

100.00%


1955

N

100.00%


1956

N

100.00%


1957

N

100.00%


1958

N

100.00%


1959

N

100.00%


1960

N

100.00%


1961

N

100.00%


1962

N

100.00%


1963

N/A

100.00%


1964

33.30%

66.70%

Trial of compulsory connected program

1965

33.30%

66.70%

Trial of compulsory connected program

1966

33.30%

66.70%


1967

33.30%

66.70%


1968

33.30%

66.70%


1969

25.00%

75.00%

25% was a reduction

1970

25.00%

75.00%


1971

25.00%

75.00%


1972

25.00%

75.00%


1973

25.00%

75.00%


1974

25.00%

75.00%


1975

25.00%

75.00%


1976

25.00%

75.00%


1977

25.00%

75.00%


1978

25.00%

75.00%


1979

28.57%

71.43%


1980

28.57%

71.43%


1981

28.57%

71.43%


1982

28.57%

71.43%


1983

28.57%

71.43%


1984

28.57%

71.43%


1985

28.57%

71.43%


1986

28.57%

71.43%


1987

28.57%

71.43%


1988

28.57%

71.43%


1989

28.57%

71.43%


1990

28.57%

71.43%


1991

33.30%

66.70%


1992

33.30%

66.70%


1993

33.30%

66.70%


1994

33.30%

66.70%


1995

33.30%

66.70%


1996

33.30%

66.70%


1997

33.30%

66.70%


1998

33.30%

66.70%


1999

33.30%

66.70%


2000

33.30%

66.70%


2001

33.30%

66.70%


2002

33.30%

66.70%


2003

33.30%

66.70%


2004

33.30%

66.70%


ICE DANCING

Abbreviations used: CD (Compulsory Dances), FD (Free Dance), OD (Original Dance), OSP (Original Set Pattern Dance),


Year

CD

OSP/OD

FD

Number of CDs Skated

Notes

1950

60.00%

N/A

40.00%

4

International Ice Dancing Competition held in conjunction with Worlds, consisting of 4 compulsory dances and a 3 min free dance

1951

60.00%

N/A

40.00%

4


1952

60.00%

N/A

40.00%

4


1953

60.00%

N/A

40.00%

4


1954

60.00%

N/A

40.00%

4


1955

60.00%

N/A

40.00%

4


1956

60.00%

N/A

40.00%

4


1957

60.00%

N/A

40.00%

4


1958

60.00%

N/A

40.00%

4


1959

60.00%

N/A

40.00%

4


1960

60.00%

N/A

40.00%

4


1961

60.00%

N/A

40.00%

4


1962

60.00%

N/A

40.00%

4


1963

60.00%

N/A

40.00%

4


1964

60.00%

N/A

40.00%

4


1965

60.00%

N/A

40.00%

4


1966

60.00%

N/A

40.00%

4


1967

60.00%

N/A

40.00%

4


1968

60.00%

N/A

40.00%

4


1969

45.00%

15.00%

40.00%

3

First year OSP skated at Worlds

1970

45.00%

15.00%

40.00%

3


1971

45.00%

15.00%

40.00%

3


1972

30.00%

20.00%

50.00%

3

OSP was marked as part of compulsories

1973

30.00%

20.00%

50.00%

3


1974

30.00%

20.00%

50.00%

3


1975

30.00%

20.00%

50.00%

3


1976

30.00%

20.00%

50.00%

3


1977

30.00%

20.00%

50.00%

3


1978

30.00%

20.00%

50.00%

3


1979

30.00%

20.00%

50.00%

3


1980

30.00%

20.00%

50.00%

3


1981

30.00%

20.00%

50.00%

3


1982

30.00%

20.00%

50.00%

3


1983

30.00%

20.00%

50.00%

3


1984

30.00%

20.00%

50.00%

3

OSP marked as a separate entity from compulsories

1985

30.00%

20.00%

50.00%

3


1986

30.00%

20.00%

50.00%

3


1987

30.00%

20.00%

50.00%

3


1988

30.00%

20.00%

50.00%

3


1989

20.00%

30.00%

50.00%

2

Reduced compulsory dances from 3 to 2, at international competitions (non-ISU Championships) 1 was permitted

1990

20.00%

30.00%

50.00%

2


1991

10.00% + 10.00%

30.00%

50.00%

2

Original dance introduced, compulsory dances each judged separately

1992

10.00% + 10.00%

30.00%

50.00%

2


1993

10.00% + 10.00%

30.00%

50.00%

2


1994

10.00% + 10.00%

30.00%

50.00%

2


1995

10.00% + 10.00%

30.00%

50.00%

2


1996

10.00% + 10.00%

30.00%

50.00%

2


1997

10.00% + 10.00%

30.00%

50.00%

2


1998

10.00% + 10.00%

30.00%

50.00%

2


1999

10.00% + 10.00%

30.00%

50.00%

2


2000

10.00% + 10.00%

30.00%

50.00%

2


2001

10.00% + 10.00%

30.00%

50.00%

2


2002

10.00% + 10.00%

30.00%

50.00%

2


2003

20.00%

30.00%

50.00%

1 (per team), 2 groups

Teams divided into 2 groups for compulsory dances

2004

20.00%

30.00%

50.00%

1 (per team), 2 groups


Skate Guard is a blog dedicated to preserving the rich, colourful and fascinating history of figure skating. Over ten years, the blog has featured over a thousand free articles covering all aspects of the sport's history, as well as four compelling in-depth features. To read the latest articles, follow the blog on Facebook, Bluesky, Pinterest and YouTube. If you enjoy Skate Guard, please show your support for this archive by ordering one of six fascinating books highlighting the history of figure skating: https://skateguard1.blogspot.com/p/buy-book.html.

Posted by at
Location: Nova Scotia, Canada

The 6.0 System: Short Program Required Elements

So you've gone down a YouTube rabbit hole and started binge-watching figure skating competitions from years gone by... Loving that for you! 

If you want to understand what you're watching, you're in the right place. This handy reference guide to required elements in the men's, women's and pairs short program was compiled from old rulebooks, skating magazines and ISU Communications. If you're curious about how the short program evolved over the years, you might find this interesting!

SENIOR MEN

Year

Required Elements

Notes

1972/1973

Jump combination with at least 1 flip, loop, Salchow or toe-loop

Double Axel or double Lutz

Single Axel

Flying camel spin

Sit spin with change of foot

Straight line step sequence

2 minutes

1973/1974

Jump combination with at least 1 flip, loop, Salchow or toe-loop

Double Axel or double Lutz

Single Axel

Flying sit spin with change of foot on landing

Upright Spin

Serpentine step sequence


1974/1975

Jump combination consisting of double loop with any other double or triple jump

Double Lutz

Single Axel

Spin combination with 1 change of foot and at least 2 changes of position

Flying sit spin

Camel spin with change of foot

Circular step sequence

Decision made at 1973 ISU Congress to increase from 6 to 7 elements in singles short programs, adding a combination spin

1975/1976

Jump combination consisting of double loop with any other double or triple jump

Double Axel

Single Axel

Flying camel spin

Spin combination with 1 change of foot and at least 2 changes of position

Sit spin with change of foot

Straight line step sequence


1976/1977

Jump combination consisting of double loop with any other double or triple jump

Double Lutz

Single Axel

Spin combination with 1 change of foot and at least 2 changes of position

Flying sit spin

Camel spin with change of foot

Circular step sequence


1977/1978

Jump combination consisting of double toe-loop with any other double or triple jump

Double loop

Double Axel

Flying sit spin with change of foot on landing

Crossfoot spin

Spin combination with 1 change of foot and at least 2 changes of position

Serpentine step sequence

2 mins

1978/1979

Jump combination consisting of double flip with any other double or triple jump

Double Salchow

Double Axel

Flying camel spin

Sit spin with change of foot

Spin combination with 1 change of foot and at least 2 changes of position

Straight line step sequence


1979/1980

Jump combination consisting of double loop with any other double or triple jump

Double Lutz

Double Axel

Flying sit spin

Camel spin with change of foot

Spin combination with 1 change of foot and at least 2 changes of position

Circular step sequence


1980/1981

Jump combination consisting of double loop with any other double or triple jump

Double Lutz

Double Axel

Flying sit spin

Camel spin with change of foot

Spin combination with 1 change of foot and at least 2 changes of position

Circular step sequence


1981/1982

Jump combination consisting of double flip with any double or triple jump

Double Salchow

Double Axel

Flying camel spin

Sit spin with change of foot

Spin combination with 1 change of foot and at least 2 changes of position

Straight line step sequence

2 min

1982/1983

Jump combination consisting of double toe-loop with any double or triple jump

Double loop

Double Axel

Flying sit spin with change of foot on landing

Crossfoot spin

Spin combination with 1 change of foot and at least 2 changes of position

Serpentine step sequence


1983/1984

Jump combination consisting of double loop with any double or triple jump

Double flip

Double Axel

Flying camel spin landing in a full sitting position (death drop permitted)

Camel spin with one change of foot

Spin combination with 1 change of foot and at least 2 changes of position

Straight line step sequence


1984/1985

Jump combination consisting of double toe-loop with any double or triple jump

Double Salchow

Double Axel

Flying camel spin

Sit spin with 1 change of foot

Combination spin with only 1 change of foot and at least 2 changes of position

Straight line step sequence


1985/1986

Jump combination consisting of double loop together with the same, or any other double or triple jump

Double Lutz

Double Axel

Flying sit spin

Camel spin with 1 change of foot

Combination spin with only 1 change of foot and at least 2 changes of position

Circular step sequence


1986/1987

Jump combination consisting of double toe-loop with any double or triple jump

Double loop

Double Axel

Flying sit spin with change of foot on landing

Crossfoot spin

Spin combination with 1 change of foot and at least 2 changes of position

Serpentine step sequence


1987/1988

Jump combination consisting of double loop with any double or triple jump

Double flip

Double Axel

Flying camel spin ending in a full sitting position or death drop

Camel spin with 1 change of foot

Combination spin with only 1 change of foot and at least 2 changes of position

Straight line step sequence


1988/1989

Jump combination consisting of 2 triple jumps, 1 double and 1 triple jump or 2 double jumps

Triple jump immediately preceded by connecting steps and/or other comparable free skating movements

Double Axel

Flying spin

Spin with at least 2 changes of foot and 1 change of position

Spin combination with 1 change of foot and at least 2 changes of position

2 Step sequences of a different nature (straight line, circular or serpentine)

2 min 40 secs, renamed to Original Program

1989/1990

Jump combination consisting of 2 triple jumps, 1 double and 1 triple jump or 2 double jumps

Triple jump immediately preceded by connecting steps and/or other comparable free skating movements

Double Axel

Flying spin

Spin with at least 2 changes of foot and 1 change of position

Spin combination with 1 change of foot and at least 2 changes of position

Step sequence

Step sequence (of a different nature to the first)

2 min 40 secs

1990/1991

Jump combination consisting of 2 triple jumps, 1 double and 1 triple jump or 2 double jumps

Triple jump immediately preceded by connecting steps and/or other comparable free skating movements

Double Axel

Flying spin

Spin with at least 2 changes of foot and 1 change of position

Spin combination with 1 change of foot and at least 2 changes of position

Step sequence

Step sequence (of a different nature to the first)

2 min 40 secs

1991/1992

Jump combination consisting of 2 triple jumps, 1 double and 1 triple jump or 2 double jumps

Triple jump immediately preceded by connecting steps and/or other comparable free skating movements

Double Axel

Flying spin

Spin with at least 2 changes of foot and 1 change of position

Spin combination with 1 change of foot and at least 2 changes of position

Step sequence

Step sequence (of a different nature to the first)


1992/1993

Jump combination consisting of 2 triple jumps, 1 double and 1 triple jump or 2 double jumps

Triple jump immediately preceded by connecting steps and/or other comparable free skating movements

Double Axel

Flying spin

Spin with at least 2 changes of foot and 1 change of position

Spin combination with 1 change of foot and at least 2 changes of position

Step sequence

Step sequence (of a different nature to the first)


1993/1994

Jump combination consisting of 2 triple jumps, 1 double and 1 triple jump or 2 double jumps

Triple jump immediately preceded by connecting steps and/or other comparable free skating movements

Double Axel

Flying spin with change of foot and position

Spin with at least 2 changes of foot and 1 change of position

Spin combination with 1 change of foot and at least 2 changes of position

Step sequence

Step sequence (of a different nature to the first)


1994/1995

Double Axel

Triple jump preceded by connecting steps and/or comparable free skating movements

Jump combination consisting of 2 triple jumps or 1 double and 1 triple jump

Flying spin

Flying camel or sit spin with only 1 change of foot

Spin combination with only 1 change of foot and at least two changes of position

2 step sequences of a different nature (straight line, circular or serpentine)

Technical program changed to short program

1995/1996

Double Axel

Triple jump preceded by connecting steps and/or comparable free skating movements

Combination of a double jump and a triple jump or two triple jumps, without intervening steps or turns

Flying spin

Camel spin or sit spin with 1 change of foot

Spin combination with only 1 change of foot and at least two changes of position

2 step sequences of a different nature (straight line, circular or serpentine)


1996/1997

Double Axel

Triple jump preceded by connecting steps and/or comparable free skating movements

Combination of a double jump and a triple jump or two triple jumps, without intervening steps or turns

Flying spin

Camel spin or sit spin with 1 change of foot

Spin combination with only 1 change of foot and at least two changes of position

2 step sequences of a different nature (straight line, circular or serpentine)


1997/1998

Double Axel

Triple jump preceded by connecting steps

Combination of a double jump and a triple jump or 2 triple jumps, without intervening steps or turns

Flying spin

Camel spin or sit spin with 1 change of foot

Spin combination with only 1 change of foot and at least 2 changes of position

2 step sequences of a different nature (straight line, circular or serpentine)


1998/1999

Double or triple Axel

Triple or quadruple jump preceded by connecting steps

Combination of a double jump and a triple jump with a triple or quadruple jump; the jumps from elements (a) or (b) may not be repeated here, and skaters may only do one quadruple jump in the program

Flying spin; the flying position must be achieved in the air, and the skater must do at least 8 rotations in the spinning position

Camel spin or sit spin with a change of foot; at least 6 rotations on each foot

Spin combination with a change of foot and at least two changes of position; the spin must include camel, sit, and upright positions, and there must be at least 6 rotations on each foot

2 Step sequences of a different nature (straight line, circular or serpentine)


1999/2000

Double or triple Axel

Triple or quadruple jump preceded by connecting steps

Combination of a double jump and a triple jump with a triple or quadruple jump; the jumps from elements (a) or (b) may not be repeated here, and skaters may only do one quadruple jump in the program

Flying spin; the flying position must be achieved in the air, and the skater must do at least 8 rotations in the spinning position

Camel spin or sit spin with a change of foot; at least 6 rotations on each foot

Spin combination with a change of foot and at least two changes of position; the spin must include camel, sit, and upright positions, and there must be at least 6 rotations on each foot

2 Step sequences of a different nature (straight line, circular or serpentine)


2000/2001

Double or triple Axel

Triple or quadruple jump preceded by connecting steps

Combination of a double jump and a triple jump with a triple or quadruple jump; the jumps from elements (a) or (b) may not be repeated here, and skaters may only do one quadruple jump in the program

Flying spin; the flying position must be achieved in the air, and the skater must do at least 8 rotations in the spinning position

Camel spin or sit spin with 1 change of foot; at least 6 rotations on each foot

Spin combination with only 1 change of foot and at least 2 changes of position; the spin must include camel, sit, and upright positions, and there must be at least 6 rotations on each foot

2 Step sequences of a different nature (straight line, circular or serpentine)


2001/2002

Double or triple Axel

One triple or quadruple jump

One jump combination consisting of a double and a triple jump, two triple jumps, a quad and a double or a quad and a triple

Flying spin, with a minimum of eight revolutions

Camel spin or sit spin with only 1 change of foot

Spin combination with only 1 change of foot and at least 2 changes of position

2 Step sequences of a different nature (straight line, circular or serpentine)


2002/2003

Double or triple Axel

One triple or quadruple jump

One jump combination consisting of a double and a triple jump, two triple jumps, a quad and a double or a quad and a triple

Flying spin, with a minimum of eight revolutions

Camel spin or sit spin with only 1 change of foot

Spin combination with only 1 change of foot and at least 2 changes of position

2 Step sequences of a different nature (straight line, circular or serpentine)


2003/2004

Double or triple Axel

One triple or quadruple jump (triple Axel cannot be repeated)

One jump combination consisting of a double and a triple jump, two triple jumps, a quad and a double or a quad and a triple (cannot repeat quad if executed as a solo jump)

Flying spin, with a minimum of eight revolutions

Camel spin or sit spin with only 1 change of foot

Spin combination with only 1 change of foot and at least 2 changes of position

2 Step sequences of a different nature (straight line, circular or serpentine)


SENIOR WOMEN

Year

Required Elements

Notes

1972/1973

Jump combination with at least 1 Salchow, flip, loop or toe-loop

Double Axel or double Lutz

Single Axel

Flying sit spin with change of foot on landing

Upright Spin

Serpentine step sequence

2 minutes

1973/1974

Jump combination with at least 1 Salchow, flip, loop or toe-loop

Double Axel or double Lutz

Single Axel

Flying camel spin

Sit spin with change of foot

Straight line step sequence


1974/1975

Jump combination consisting of double loop with any other double or triple jump

Double Lutz

Single Axel

Spin combination with 1 change of foot and at least 2 changes of position

Flying sit spin

Camel spin with change of foot

Circular step sequence


1975/1976

Jump combination consisting of double flip with any other double or triple jump

Double Axel

Single Axel

Flying Axel sit spin

Layback or sideways leaning spin

Sit spin with change of foot

Serpentine step sequence


1976/1977

Jump combination consisting of double loop with any other double or triple jump

Double Lutz

Single Axel

Spin combination with 1 change of foot and at least 2 changes of position

Flying sit spin

Camel spin with change of foot

Circular step sequence


1977/1978

Jump combination consisting of double toe-loop with any other double or triple jump

Double loop

Double Axel

Flying sit spin with change of foot on landing

Layback Spin

Spin combination with 1 change of foot and at least 2 changes of position

Serpentine step sequence

2 mins

1978/1979

Jump combination consisting of double flip with any other double or triple jump

Double Salchow

Double Axel

Flying camel spin

Sit spin with change of foot

Spin combination with 1 change of foot and at least 2 changes of position

Straight line step sequence


1979/1980

Jump combination consisting of double loop with any other double or triple jump

Double Lutz

Double Axel

Flying sit spin

Camel spin with change of foot

Spin combination with 1 change of foot and at least 2 changes of position

Circular step sequence


1980/1981

Jump combination consisting of double loop with any other double or triple jump

Double Lutz

Double Axel

Flying sit spin

Camel spin with change of foot

Spin combination with 1 change of foot and at least 2 changes of position

Circular step sequence


1981/1982

Jump combination consisting of double flip with any double or triple jump

Double Salchow

Double Axel

Flying camel spin

Sit spin with change of foot

Spin combination with 1 change of foot and at least 2 changes of position

Straight line step sequence

2 min

1982/1983

Jump combination consisting of double toe-loop with any double or triple jump

Double loop

Double Axel

Flying sit spin with change of foot on landing

Layback or sideways leaning spin

Spin combination with 1 change of foot and at least 2 changes of position

Serpentine step sequence


1983/1984

Jump combination consisting of double loop with any double or triple jump

Double flip

Double Axel

Flying camel spin landing in a full sitting position (death drop permitted)

Camel spin with one change of foot

Spin combination with 1 change of foot and at least 2 changes of position

Straight line step sequence


1984/1985

Jump combination consisting of double toe-loop with any double or triple jump

Double Salchow

Double Axel

Flying camel spin

Sit spin with 1 change of foot

Combination spin with only 1 change of foot and at least 2 changes of position

Straight line step sequence


1985/1986

Jump combination consisting of double loop together with the same, or any other double or triple jump

Double Lutz

Double Axel

Flying sit spin

Camel spin with 1 change of foot

Combination spin with only 1 change of foot and at least 2 changes of position

Circular step sequence


1986/1987

Jump combination consisting of double toe-loop with any double or triple jump

Double loop

Double Axel

Flying sit spin with change of foot on landing

Layback or sideways leaning spin

Spin combination with 1 change of foot and at least 2 changes of position

Serpentine step sequence


1987/1988

Jump combination consisting of double loop with any double or triple jump

Double flip

Double Axel

Flying camel spin ending in a full sitting position or death drop

Camel spin with 1 change of foot

Combination spin with only 1 change of foot and at least 2 changes of position

Straight line step sequence


1988/1989

Jump combination consisting of 1 double and 1 triple jump or 2 double jumps

Double jump immediately preceded by connecting steps and/or other comparable free skating movements

Double Axel

Flying spin

Layback or sideways leaning spin

Spin combination with 1 change of foot and at least 2 changes of position

Spiral step sequence

Step sequence (straight line, circular or serpentine)

2 min 40 secs

1989/1990

Jump combination consisting of a double and a triple jump or 2 double jumps

Double jump immediately preceded by connecting steps and/or other comparable free skating movements

Double Axel

Flying spin

Layback or sideways leaning spin

Spin combination with 1 change of foot and at least 2 changes of position

Spiral step sequence

Step sequence

2 min 40 secs

1990/1991

Jump combination consisting of a double and a triple jump or 2 double jumps

Double jump immediately preceded by connecting steps and/or other comparable free skating movements

Double Axel

Flying spin

Layback or sideways leaning spin

Spin combination with 1 change of foot and at least 2 changes of position

Spiral step sequence

Step sequence

2 min 40 secs

1991/1992

Jump combination consisting of a double and a triple jump or 2 double jumps

Double jump immediately preceded by connecting steps and/or other comparable free skating movements

Double Axel

Flying spin

Layback or sideways leaning spin

Spin combination with 1 change of foot and at least 2 changes of position

Spiral step sequence

Step sequence


1992/1993

Jump combination consisting of a double and a triple jump or 2 double jumps

Double jump immediately preceded by connecting steps and/or other comparable free skating movements

Double Axel

Flying spin

Layback or sideways leaning spin

Spin combination with 1 change of foot and at least 2 changes of position

Spiral step sequence

Step sequence


1993/1994

Double Axel

Double jump immediately preceded by connecting steps and/or other comparable free skating movements

Jump combination consisting of two double jumps or a double and a triple jump

Flying spin

Layback or sideways leaning spin

Spin combination with only 1 change of foot and at least 2 changes in position

Spiral step sequence

Step sequence (straight, circular or serpentine)


1994/1995

Double Axel

Double or triple jump immediately preceded by connecting steps and/or other comparable free skating movements

Jump combination consisting of two double jumps or a double and a triple jump

Flying spin

Layback or sideways leaning spin

Spin combination with only 1 change of foot and at least 2 changes in position

Spiral step sequence

Step sequence (straight, circular or serpentine)

Technical program changed to short program

1995/1996

Double Axel

Double or triple jump immediately preceded by connecting steps and/or other comparable free skating movements

Jump combination consisting of two double jumps or a double and a triple jump

Flying spin

Layback or sideways leaning spin

Spin combination with only 1 change of foot and at least 2 changes in position

Spiral step sequence

Step sequence (straight, circular or serpentine)


1996/1997

Double Axel

Double or triple jump preceded by connecting steps

Combination of a double jump and a triple jump or two triple jumps, without intervening steps or turns

Flying spin

Layback or sideways leaning spin

Spin combination with 1 change of foot and at least 2 changes of position

Spiral step sequence

Step sequence


1997/1998

Double Axel

Double or triple jump preceded by connecting steps

Combination of a double jump and a triple jump or two triple jumps, without intervening steps or turns

Flying spin

Layback spin

Spin combination with 1 change of foot and at least 2 changes of position

Spiral step sequence

Step sequence


1998/1999

Double Axel

Double or triple jump preceded by connecting steps

Combination of a double jump and a triple jump or two triple jumps, without intervening steps or turns

Flying spin; the flying position must be achieved in the air, and the skater must do at least 8 rotations in the spinning position

Layback spin; at least 8 rotations in layback position

Spin combination with a change of foot and at least two changes of position; the spin must include camel, sit, and upright positions, and there must be at least 6 rotations on each foot

Spiral step sequence

Step sequence


1999/2000

Double Axel

Double or triple jump preceded by connecting steps

Combination of a double jump and a triple jump or two triple jumps, without intervening steps or turns

Flying spin; the flying position must be achieved in the air, and the skater must do at least 8 rotations in the spinning position

Layback spin; at least 8 rotations in layback position

Spin combination with a change of foot and at least two changes of position; the spin must include camel, sit, and upright positions, and there must be at least 6 rotations on each foot

Spiral step sequence

Step sequence


2000/2001

Double Axel

Double or triple jump preceded by connecting steps and/or other comparable free skating movements

Combination of a double jump and a triple jump or two triple jumps, without intervening steps or turns

Flying spin; the flying position must be achieved in the air, and the skater must do at least 8 rotations in the spinning position

Layback spin; at least 8 rotations in layback position

Spin combination with a change of foot and at least two changes of position; the spin must include camel, sit, and upright positions, and there must be at least 6 rotations on each foot

Spiral step sequence (serpentine, circular or oval or a combination of the 2)

Step sequence (straight line, circular or serpentine)


2001/2002

Double Axel

One double or triple jump immediately preceded by connecting steps and/or other comparable free skating movements

One jump combination consisting of a double and a triple jump or two triple jumps

Flying spin, with a minimum of eight revolutions

Layback or sideways leaning spin, minimum of eight revolutions

Spin combination with a change of foot and at least two changes of position; the spin must include camel, sit, and upright positions, and there must be at least 6 rotations on each foot

Spiral step sequence (serpentine, circular or oval or a combination of the two)

Step sequences of a different nature (straight line, circular or serpentine)


2002/2003

Double Axel

One double or triple jump immediately preceded by connecting steps and/or other comparable free skating movements

One jump combination consisting of a double and a triple jump or two triple jumps

Flying spin, with a minimum of eight revolutions

Layback or sideways leaning spin, minimum of eight revolutions

Spin combination with a change of foot and at least two changes of position; the spin must include camel, sit, and upright positions, and there must be at least 6 rotations on each foot

Spiral step sequence (serpentine, circular or oval or a combination of the two)

Step sequences of a different nature (straight line, circular or serpentine)


2003/2004

Double Axel

One double or triple jump immediately preceded by connecting steps and/or other comparable free skating movements

One jump combination consisting of a double and a triple jump or two triple jumps

Flying spin, with a minimum of eight revolutions

Layback or sideways leaning spin, minimum of eight revolutions

Spin combination with a change of foot and at least two changes of position; the spin must include camel, sit, and upright positions, and there must be at least 6 rotations on each foot

Spiral step sequence with at least 3 spiral positions and 1 change of foot, doing a spiral on each foot

Step sequences of a different nature (straight line, circular or serpentine)



SENIOR PAIRS

Year

Required Elements

Notes

1963/1964 (trial)

Single Axel Paulsen lift or single lasso (overhead Axel) lift

Solo single Axel or double Salchow

Pair camel or sit spin

Solo sit or Flying camel spins

One-hand death spiral or one-arm backwards pivot spiral

Step combination executed together or close together (according to the character of the music)

Compulsory connected program, up to 2 min 30 sec (may be less, provided all elements are completed)

1964/1965 (trial)

Single Axel Paulsen lift

Solo single Axel jump

Pair camel spin

Solo sit spins

One-hand death spiral

Step combination executed together or close together (according to the character of the music)

Compulsory connected program, up to 2 min 30 sec (may be less, provided all elements are completed)

1965/1966

Solo Split Jump

Single Axel Paulsen Lift

death spiral (1 Arm)

Individual Flying camel spins

Pair sit spin

Straight line step sequence

Serpentine step sequence

Format changed to “a fixed program of 7 compulsory elements”, 2 min 30 sec

1966/1967

Double split Lutz lift

Solo double toe-loops

Catch-waist pair camel spin

Solo camel spins

Backward outside death spiral

Serpentine step sequence

2 min 30 sec

1967/1968

Solo Split Jump

Single Axel Paulsen Lift

death spiral (1 Arm)

Individual Flying camel spins

Pair sit spin

Straight line step sequence

Serpentine step sequence

2 min 30 sec

1968/1969

Double split Lutz lift

Solo double toe-loops

Catch-waist pair camel spin

Solo camel spins

Backward outside death spiral

Serpentine step sequence

Renamed to “short program”, 2 min (reduced time and number of elements reduced from 7 to 6)

1969/1970

Solo double Salchows

Double lasso lift

Backward outside death spiral

Solo Flying camel spins

Pair sit spins with change of foot

Straight line step sequence


1970/1971

Double split Lutz lift

Solo double toe-loops

Catch-waist pair camel spin

Solo camel spins

Backward outside death spiral

Serpentine step sequence


1971/1972

Solo double Salchows

Double lasso lift

Backward outside death spiral

Solo Flying camel spins

Pair sit spins

Straight line step sequence


1972/1973

Solo double flips

Double hand-to-hand loop lift

Backward inside death spiral

Solo camel spins in tango position

Solo flying sit spins with change of foot

Crossing Serpentine step sequence


1973/1974

Solo double Salchows

Double lasso lift

Backward outside death spiral

Solo sit spins with change of foot

Pair camel spin in Tango position

Serpentine step sequence


1974/1975

Solo double flips

Double hand-to-hand loop lift

Backward inside death spiral

Solo camel spins in Tango position

Solo flying sit spins with change of foot

Crossing serpentine step sequence


1975/1976

Solo double loops

Double Lutz lift

Backward outside death spiral

Solo camel spins with change of foot

Pair sit spin

Circular step sequence


1976/1977

Solo double toe-loops

Double hand-to-hand loop lift

Forward inside life spiral

Solo Flying camel spins

Pair sit spin

Straight line step sequence


1977/1978

Solo double Salchows

Double lasso lift

Backward outside death spiral

Solo sit spins with change of foot

Pair camel spin in Tango position

Serpentine step sequence


1978/1979

Solo double flips

Double hand-to-hand loop lift

Backward inside death spiral

Pair camel spin in Tango position

Solo sit spins with change of foot

Crossing serpentine step sequence


1979/1980

Solo double flips

Double hand-to-hand loop lift

Backward inside death spiral

Pair camel spin in Tango position

Solo sit spins with change of foot

Crossing serpentine step sequence


1980/1981

Solo double Salchows

Double lasso lift

Backward outside death spiral

Solo Flying camel spins

Pair sit spins

Straight line step sequence


1981/1982

Solo double toe-loops

Double hand-to-hand loop lift

Split double Lutz lift

Forward inside death spiral

Solo Flying camel spins

Pair combination spin with at least 1 change of position

Straight line step sequence

2 min 15 secs, increased time and increased elements from 6 to 7 (spin combination added)

1982/1983

Solo double flips

One-hand lasso lift

Split double Lutz twist lift

Backward outside death spiral

Solo camel spin with 1 change of foot

Closed low spin parallel (pair spin)

Circular step sequence


1983/1984

Solo double loops

Double lasso lift

Split double Lutz twist lift

Backward inside death spiral

Solo sit spin with change of foot

Pair combination spin with at least 1 change of position

Serpentine step sequence


1984/1985

Solo double Salchow

Double toe lasso lift

Split double Lutz twist lift

Backward outside death spiral

Solo sit spin with change of foot

Pair camel spin in Tango position

Spiral step sequence


1985/1986

Solo double flips

Double hand-to-hand loop lift

Split double Lutz twist lift

Forward inside death spiral

Side-by-side flying camel spins

Pair combination spin with at least 1 change of foot

Straight line step sequence


1986/1987

Solo double loops

Overhead lift

Split double twist lift

Backward outside death spiral

Solo camel spins with change of foot

Pair sit spin

Circular step sequence


1987/1988

Solo double flips

Split double twist lift

Double lasso lift

Backward inside death spiral

Solo sit spins with change of foot

Pair combination spin

Serpentine step sequence


1988/1989

Solo double jump

Overhead lift

Double twist lift

death spiral

Solo spin with or without change of foot

Pair spin combination with at least 1 change of position and only 1 change of foot (sit, camel, upright or any combination thereof)

Spiral step sequence

Step sequence (straight line, circular or serpentine)

Changed to original program, 2 mins 40 secs

1989/1990

Solo double jump

Double overhead lift

Double twist lift

death spiral

Solo Spin with 1 change of foot and 1 change of position

Pair spin combination with at least 1 change of position and Only 1 change of foot

Spiral step sequence

Step sequence


1990/1991

Solo double jump

Double overhead lift

Double twist lift

death spiral

Solo Spin with 1 change of foot and 1 change of position

Pair spin combination with at least 1 change of position and Only 1 change of foot

Spiral step sequence

Step sequence


1991/1992

Solo double jump

Double overhead lift

Double twist lift

Death spiral

Solo Spin with 1 change of foot and 1 change of position

Pair spin combination with at least 1 change of position and Only 1 change of foot

Spiral step sequence

Step sequence


1992/1993

Solo double jump

Double overhead lift

Double twist lift

Death spiral

Solo Spin with 1 change of foot and 1 change of position

Pair spin combination with at least 1 change of position and Only 1 change of foot

Spiral step sequence

Step sequence


1993/1994

Solo double jump

Double overhead lift

Double twist lift

Death spiral

Solo Spin with 1 change of foot and 1 change of position

Pair spin combination with at least 1 change of position and Only 1 change of foot

Spiral step sequence

Step sequence


1994/1995

Solo double or triple jump

Double overhead lift

Double twist lift

Death spiral

Solo Spin with 1 change of foot and 1 change of position

Pair spin combination with at least 1 change of position and Only 1 change of foot

Spiral step sequence

Step sequence

Technical program changed to short program

1995/1996

Solo double or triple jump

Double overhead lift

Double twist lift

Death spiral

Solo Spin with 1 change of foot and 1 change of position

Pair spin combination with at least 1 change of position and Only 1 change of foot

Spiral step sequence

Step sequence


1996/1997

Overhead lift with a hand-to-hip lift take-off

Double twist lift

Side-by-side double or triple jumps

Side-by-side spin combinations, with only 1change of foot and at least 1 change of position

Pair spin combination

Forward or backward inside death spiral

Spiral step sequence

Step sequence


1997/1998

Overhead lift with a hand-to-hand take-off

Double twist lift

Side-by-side double or triple jumps

Side-by-side Spin combinations, with only 1 change of foot and at least 1 change of position

Pair spin combination with at least 1 change of foot and at least 1 change of position

Forward or back outside death spiral

Spiral step sequence

Step sequence (straight line, circular or serpentine)


1998/1999

Any lift with a hand-to-hand lift take-off

Double twist lift

Side-by-side double or triple jumps

Side-by-side spin combinations, with only 1 change of foot, at least 1 change of position, and at least 5 rotations on each foot

Pair spin combination with at least 1 change of foot and at least 1 change in position and at least 8 rotations in all

Forward or back outside death spiral

Spiral step sequence (straight line, circular or serpentine)

One throw jump (double or triple)

Throw added

1999/2000

Overhead lift (with a specific takeoff that changes each year)

Double twist lift

Side-by-side double or triple jumps

Side-by-side Spin combinations, with a change of foot, at least one change of position, and at least 5 rotations on each foot

Pair spin combination with a change of foot and at least one change in position and at least 8 rotations in all

death spiral (on a specific edge that changes each year)

Step sequence or a Spiral step sequence (the specific requirement changes each year)

One throw jump (double or triple)


2000/2001

Any lift with a hand-to-hand lift take-off

Double twist lift (split in the air required)

One solo jump (double or triple)

Solo spin with only 1 change of foot and at least 1 change of position

Pair spin combination with only 1 change of foot and at least one change in position and at least 8 rotations in all

Backward outside death spiral

Spiral step sequence (straight line, circular or serpentine)

One throw jump (double or triple)


2001/2002

Any lift with a hand-to-hand lift take-off

Double twist lift (split in the air required)

One throw jump (double or triple)

One solo jump (double or triple)

Solo spin with only 1 change of foot and at least 1 change of position (minimum 5 revolutions on each foot)

Pair spin combination with only 1 change of foot and at least 1 change of position (sit, camel, upright or any variation thereof)

Backward outside death spiral

Spiral step sequence (at least 2 spiral positions by each partner must be executed)


2002/2003

Any lift with a hand-to-hip lift take-off

Double twist lift (split in the air required)

One throw jump (double or triple)

One solo jump (double or triple)

Solo spin with only 1 change of foot and at least 1 change of position (minimum 5 revolutions on each foot)

Pair spin combination with only 1 change of foot and at least 1 change of position (sit, camel, upright or any variation thereof)

Forward inside death spiral

Spiral step sequence (at least 2 spiral positions by each partner must be executed)


2003/2004

Overhead lift with hand-to-hand lift take-off (minimum 2 revolutions by woman, minimum 1/maximum 3.5 revolutions by man)

Double twist lift (split in the air required)

One throw jump (double or triple)

One solo jump (double or triple)

Solo spin with only 1 change of foot and at least 1 change of position (minimum 5 revolutions on each foot)

Pair spin combination with only 1 change of foot and at least 1 change of position (sit, camel, upright or any variation thereof)

Backward outside death spiral

Step sequence (straight line, circular or serpentine)

Max 2 min 40 secs

Skate Guard is a blog dedicated to preserving the rich, colourful and fascinating history of figure skating. Over ten years, the blog has featured over a thousand free articles covering all aspects of the sport's history, as well as four compelling in-depth features. To read the latest articles, follow the blog on Facebook, Bluesky, Pinterest and YouTube. If you enjoy Skate Guard, please show your support for this archive by ordering one of six fascinating books highlighting the history of figure skating: https://skateguard1.blogspot.com/p/buy-book.html.

Posted by at
Location: Nova Scotia, Canada
Subscribe to: Posts (Atom)